Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and MicroRNAs in Cartilage Regeneration: Biogenesis, Efficacy, miRNA Enrichment and Delivery

Exosomes are the small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells for intercellular communication. Exosomes are rich in therapeutic cargos such as microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), DNA, protein, and lipids. Recently, many studies have focused on miRNAs as a...

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Autores principales:	Jhi Biau Foo, Qi Hao Looi, Chee Wun How, Sau Har Lee, Maimonah Eissa Al-Masawa, Pei Pei Chong, Jia Xian Law
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	exosomes cartilage osteoarthritis microRNA chondrocyte Medicine R Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/95cdac218bfa4f508c1a5971d26fbc7d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:95cdac218bfa4f508c1a5971d26fbc7d2021-11-25T18:39:17ZMesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and MicroRNAs in Cartilage Regeneration: Biogenesis, Efficacy, miRNA Enrichment and Delivery10.3390/ph141110931424-8247https://doaj.org/article/95cdac218bfa4f508c1a5971d26fbc7d2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/11/1093https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8247Exosomes are the small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells for intercellular communication. Exosomes are rich in therapeutic cargos such as microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), DNA, protein, and lipids. Recently, many studies have focused on miRNAs as a promising therapeutic factor to support cartilage regeneration. Exosomes are known to contain a substantial amount of a variety of miRNAs. miRNAs regulate the post-transcriptional gene expression by base-pairing with the target messenger RNA (mRNA), leading to gene silencing. Several exosomal miRNAs have been found to play a role in cartilage regeneration by promoting chondrocyte proliferation and matrix secretion, reducing scar tissue formation, and subsiding inflammation. The exosomal miRNA cargo can be modulated using techniques such as cell transfection and priming as well as post-secretion modifications to upregulate specific miRNAs to enhance the therapeutic effect. Exosomes are delivered to the joints through direct injection or via encapsulation within a scaffold for sustained release. To date, exosome therapy for cartilage injuries has yet to be optimized as the ideal cell source for exosomes, and the dose and method of delivery have yet to be identified. More importantly, a deeper understanding of the role of exosomal miRNAs in cartilage repair is paramount for the development of more effective exosome therapy.Jhi Biau FooQi Hao LooiChee Wun HowSau Har LeeMaimonah Eissa Al-MasawaPei Pei ChongJia Xian LawMDPI AGarticleexosomescartilageosteoarthritismicroRNAchondrocyteMedicineRPharmacy and materia medicaRS1-441ENPharmaceuticals, Vol 14, Iss 1093, p 1093 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	exosomes cartilage osteoarthritis microRNA chondrocyte Medicine R Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
spellingShingle	exosomes cartilage osteoarthritis microRNA chondrocyte Medicine R Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 Jhi Biau Foo Qi Hao Looi Chee Wun How Sau Har Lee Maimonah Eissa Al-Masawa Pei Pei Chong Jia Xian Law Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and MicroRNAs in Cartilage Regeneration: Biogenesis, Efficacy, miRNA Enrichment and Delivery
description	Exosomes are the small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells for intercellular communication. Exosomes are rich in therapeutic cargos such as microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), DNA, protein, and lipids. Recently, many studies have focused on miRNAs as a promising therapeutic factor to support cartilage regeneration. Exosomes are known to contain a substantial amount of a variety of miRNAs. miRNAs regulate the post-transcriptional gene expression by base-pairing with the target messenger RNA (mRNA), leading to gene silencing. Several exosomal miRNAs have been found to play a role in cartilage regeneration by promoting chondrocyte proliferation and matrix secretion, reducing scar tissue formation, and subsiding inflammation. The exosomal miRNA cargo can be modulated using techniques such as cell transfection and priming as well as post-secretion modifications to upregulate specific miRNAs to enhance the therapeutic effect. Exosomes are delivered to the joints through direct injection or via encapsulation within a scaffold for sustained release. To date, exosome therapy for cartilage injuries has yet to be optimized as the ideal cell source for exosomes, and the dose and method of delivery have yet to be identified. More importantly, a deeper understanding of the role of exosomal miRNAs in cartilage repair is paramount for the development of more effective exosome therapy.
format	article
author	Jhi Biau Foo Qi Hao Looi Chee Wun How Sau Har Lee Maimonah Eissa Al-Masawa Pei Pei Chong Jia Xian Law
author_facet	Jhi Biau Foo Qi Hao Looi Chee Wun How Sau Har Lee Maimonah Eissa Al-Masawa Pei Pei Chong Jia Xian Law
author_sort	Jhi Biau Foo
title	Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and MicroRNAs in Cartilage Regeneration: Biogenesis, Efficacy, miRNA Enrichment and Delivery
title_short	Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and MicroRNAs in Cartilage Regeneration: Biogenesis, Efficacy, miRNA Enrichment and Delivery
title_full	Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and MicroRNAs in Cartilage Regeneration: Biogenesis, Efficacy, miRNA Enrichment and Delivery
title_fullStr	Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and MicroRNAs in Cartilage Regeneration: Biogenesis, Efficacy, miRNA Enrichment and Delivery
title_full_unstemmed	Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and MicroRNAs in Cartilage Regeneration: Biogenesis, Efficacy, miRNA Enrichment and Delivery
title_sort	mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and micrornas in cartilage regeneration: biogenesis, efficacy, mirna enrichment and delivery
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/95cdac218bfa4f508c1a5971d26fbc7d
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and MicroRNAs in Cartilage Regeneration: Biogenesis, Efficacy, miRNA Enrichment and Delivery

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