Insomnia Symptoms in the General Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This empirical study aims to investigate factors associated with insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in 4,921 Norwegian adults. Participants were queried across two time-points, between March 31st and April the 7th 2020, and between June 22nd and July 13th, 2020. Relevant risk factors and...

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Autores principales:	Øyvind Halsøy, Sverre Urnes Johnson, Asle Hoffart, Omid V. Ebrahimi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	COVID-19 sleep social distancing physical distancing sleep health epidemic Psychiatry RC435-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/95d6bfb5b42d45679a709bb16070a281
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:95d6bfb5b42d45679a709bb16070a2812021-11-05T07:26:51ZInsomnia Symptoms in the General Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic1664-064010.3389/fpsyt.2021.762799https://doaj.org/article/95d6bfb5b42d45679a709bb16070a2812021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.762799/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-0640This empirical study aims to investigate factors associated with insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in 4,921 Norwegian adults. Participants were queried across two time-points, between March 31st and April the 7th 2020, and between June 22nd and July 13th, 2020. Relevant risk factors and psychological correlates at the first time-point and insomnia symptoms were measured 3 months later, allowing for the investigation of concurrent associations as well as associations across time. Insomnia symptoms were measured with the Bergen Insomnia Scale. The results revealed that individuals reported higher mean levels of insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown, compared to pre-pandemic surveys from 2008 (p < 0.0001, Cohen's d = 0.29). Individuals who predominantly socially distanced reported higher mean levels of insomnia symptoms than those who did not predominantly distance. Females, individuals with lower education levels, individuals who had lost their job, and individuals who declared having been diagnosed with an unspecified pre-existing psychiatric disorder reported the most symptoms. The regression model (R2 = 0.44) showed that physical exercise, was associated with less symptoms of insomnia. Symptoms of health Anxiety, symptoms of depression, unhelpful coping strategies, worry about job and economy, and older age were all associated with higher levels of insomnia symptoms. These findings highlight particularly vulnerable subgroups, as well as providing clinicians with key areas of intervention to help individuals suffering from insomnia symptoms.Øyvind HalsøySverre Urnes JohnsonSverre Urnes JohnsonAsle HoffartAsle HoffartOmid V. EbrahimiOmid V. EbrahimiFrontiers Media S.A.articleCOVID-19sleepsocial distancingphysical distancingsleep healthepidemicPsychiatryRC435-571ENFrontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	COVID-19 sleep social distancing physical distancing sleep health epidemic Psychiatry RC435-571
spellingShingle	COVID-19 sleep social distancing physical distancing sleep health epidemic Psychiatry RC435-571 Øyvind Halsøy Sverre Urnes Johnson Sverre Urnes Johnson Asle Hoffart Asle Hoffart Omid V. Ebrahimi Omid V. Ebrahimi Insomnia Symptoms in the General Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic
description	This empirical study aims to investigate factors associated with insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in 4,921 Norwegian adults. Participants were queried across two time-points, between March 31st and April the 7th 2020, and between June 22nd and July 13th, 2020. Relevant risk factors and psychological correlates at the first time-point and insomnia symptoms were measured 3 months later, allowing for the investigation of concurrent associations as well as associations across time. Insomnia symptoms were measured with the Bergen Insomnia Scale. The results revealed that individuals reported higher mean levels of insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown, compared to pre-pandemic surveys from 2008 (p < 0.0001, Cohen's d = 0.29). Individuals who predominantly socially distanced reported higher mean levels of insomnia symptoms than those who did not predominantly distance. Females, individuals with lower education levels, individuals who had lost their job, and individuals who declared having been diagnosed with an unspecified pre-existing psychiatric disorder reported the most symptoms. The regression model (R2 = 0.44) showed that physical exercise, was associated with less symptoms of insomnia. Symptoms of health Anxiety, symptoms of depression, unhelpful coping strategies, worry about job and economy, and older age were all associated with higher levels of insomnia symptoms. These findings highlight particularly vulnerable subgroups, as well as providing clinicians with key areas of intervention to help individuals suffering from insomnia symptoms.
format	article
author	Øyvind Halsøy Sverre Urnes Johnson Sverre Urnes Johnson Asle Hoffart Asle Hoffart Omid V. Ebrahimi Omid V. Ebrahimi
author_facet	Øyvind Halsøy Sverre Urnes Johnson Sverre Urnes Johnson Asle Hoffart Asle Hoffart Omid V. Ebrahimi Omid V. Ebrahimi
author_sort	Øyvind Halsøy
title	Insomnia Symptoms in the General Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_short	Insomnia Symptoms in the General Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_full	Insomnia Symptoms in the General Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_fullStr	Insomnia Symptoms in the General Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_full_unstemmed	Insomnia Symptoms in the General Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_sort	insomnia symptoms in the general population during the covid-19 pandemic
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/95d6bfb5b42d45679a709bb16070a281
work_keys_str_mv	AT øyvindhalsøy insomniasymptomsinthegeneralpopulationduringthecovid19pandemic AT sverreurnesjohnson insomniasymptomsinthegeneralpopulationduringthecovid19pandemic AT sverreurnesjohnson insomniasymptomsinthegeneralpopulationduringthecovid19pandemic AT aslehoffart insomniasymptomsinthegeneralpopulationduringthecovid19pandemic AT aslehoffart insomniasymptomsinthegeneralpopulationduringthecovid19pandemic AT omidvebrahimi insomniasymptomsinthegeneralpopulationduringthecovid19pandemic AT omidvebrahimi insomniasymptomsinthegeneralpopulationduringthecovid19pandemic
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Insomnia Symptoms in the General Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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