Modeled Respiratory Tract Deposition of Aerosolized Oil Diluents Used in Δ9-THC-Based Electronic Cigarette Liquid Products

Electronic cigarette, or vaping, products (EVP) heat liquids (“e-liquids”) that contain substances (licit or illicit) and deliver aerosolized particles into the lungs. Commercially available oils such as Vitamin-E-acetate (VEA), Vitamin E oil, coconut, and medium chain triglycerides (MCT) were often...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Anand Ranpara, Aleksandr B. Stefaniak, Kenneth Williams, Elizabeth Fernandez, Ryan F. LeBouf
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	e-cigarette EVALI vitamin E acetate particle size distributions lung deposition secondhand exposure estimates Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/95efce75acc64fcea29e2c5a1ab8cae6
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:95efce75acc64fcea29e2c5a1ab8cae6
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:95efce75acc64fcea29e2c5a1ab8cae62021-11-04T05:09:47ZModeled Respiratory Tract Deposition of Aerosolized Oil Diluents Used in Δ9-THC-Based Electronic Cigarette Liquid Products2296-256510.3389/fpubh.2021.744166https://doaj.org/article/95efce75acc64fcea29e2c5a1ab8cae62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.744166/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-2565Electronic cigarette, or vaping, products (EVP) heat liquids (“e-liquids”) that contain substances (licit or illicit) and deliver aerosolized particles into the lungs. Commercially available oils such as Vitamin-E-acetate (VEA), Vitamin E oil, coconut, and medium chain triglycerides (MCT) were often the constituents of e-liquids associated with an e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). The objective of this study was to evaluate the mass-based physical characteristics of the aerosolized e-liquids prepared using these oil diluents. These characteristics were particle size distributions for modeling regional respiratory deposition and puff-based total aerosol mass for estimating the number of particles delivered to the respiratory tract. Four types of e-liquids were prepared by adding terpenes to oil diluents individually: VEA, Vitamin E oil, coconut oil, and MCT. A smoking machine was used to aerosolize each e-liquid at a predetermined puff topography (volume of 55 ml for 3 s with 30-s intervals between puffs). A cascade impactor was used to collect the size-segregated aerosol for calculating the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD). The respiratory deposition of EVP aerosols on inhalation was estimated using the Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry model. From these results, the exhaled fraction of EVP aerosols was calculated as a surrogate of secondhand exposure potential. The MMAD of VEA (0.61 μm) was statistically different compared to MCT (0.38 μm) and coconut oil (0.47 μm) but not to Vitamin E oil (0.58 μm); p < 0.05. Wider aerosol size distribution was observed for VEA (GSD 2.35) and MCT (GSD 2.08) compared with coconut oil (GSD 1.53) and Vitamin E oil (GSD 1.55). Irrespective of the statistical differences between MMADs, dosimetry modeling resulted in the similar regional and lobular deposition of particles for all e-liquids in the respiratory tract. The highest (~0.08 or more) fractional deposition was predicted in the pulmonary region, which is consistent as the site of injury among EVALI cases. Secondhand exposure calculations indicated that a substantial amount of EVP aerosols could be exhaled, which has potential implications for bystanders. The number of EVALI cases has declined with the removal of VEA; however, further research is required to investigate the commonly available commercial ingredients used in e-liquid preparations.Anand RanparaAleksandr B. StefaniakKenneth WilliamsElizabeth FernandezRyan F. LeBoufFrontiers Media S.A.articlee-cigaretteEVALIvitamin E acetateparticle size distributionslung depositionsecondhand exposure estimatesPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENFrontiers in Public Health, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	e-cigarette EVALI vitamin E acetate particle size distributions lung deposition secondhand exposure estimates Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	e-cigarette EVALI vitamin E acetate particle size distributions lung deposition secondhand exposure estimates Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Anand Ranpara Aleksandr B. Stefaniak Kenneth Williams Elizabeth Fernandez Ryan F. LeBouf Modeled Respiratory Tract Deposition of Aerosolized Oil Diluents Used in Δ9-THC-Based Electronic Cigarette Liquid Products
description	Electronic cigarette, or vaping, products (EVP) heat liquids (“e-liquids”) that contain substances (licit or illicit) and deliver aerosolized particles into the lungs. Commercially available oils such as Vitamin-E-acetate (VEA), Vitamin E oil, coconut, and medium chain triglycerides (MCT) were often the constituents of e-liquids associated with an e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). The objective of this study was to evaluate the mass-based physical characteristics of the aerosolized e-liquids prepared using these oil diluents. These characteristics were particle size distributions for modeling regional respiratory deposition and puff-based total aerosol mass for estimating the number of particles delivered to the respiratory tract. Four types of e-liquids were prepared by adding terpenes to oil diluents individually: VEA, Vitamin E oil, coconut oil, and MCT. A smoking machine was used to aerosolize each e-liquid at a predetermined puff topography (volume of 55 ml for 3 s with 30-s intervals between puffs). A cascade impactor was used to collect the size-segregated aerosol for calculating the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD). The respiratory deposition of EVP aerosols on inhalation was estimated using the Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry model. From these results, the exhaled fraction of EVP aerosols was calculated as a surrogate of secondhand exposure potential. The MMAD of VEA (0.61 μm) was statistically different compared to MCT (0.38 μm) and coconut oil (0.47 μm) but not to Vitamin E oil (0.58 μm); p < 0.05. Wider aerosol size distribution was observed for VEA (GSD 2.35) and MCT (GSD 2.08) compared with coconut oil (GSD 1.53) and Vitamin E oil (GSD 1.55). Irrespective of the statistical differences between MMADs, dosimetry modeling resulted in the similar regional and lobular deposition of particles for all e-liquids in the respiratory tract. The highest (~0.08 or more) fractional deposition was predicted in the pulmonary region, which is consistent as the site of injury among EVALI cases. Secondhand exposure calculations indicated that a substantial amount of EVP aerosols could be exhaled, which has potential implications for bystanders. The number of EVALI cases has declined with the removal of VEA; however, further research is required to investigate the commonly available commercial ingredients used in e-liquid preparations.
format	article
author	Anand Ranpara Aleksandr B. Stefaniak Kenneth Williams Elizabeth Fernandez Ryan F. LeBouf
author_facet	Anand Ranpara Aleksandr B. Stefaniak Kenneth Williams Elizabeth Fernandez Ryan F. LeBouf
author_sort	Anand Ranpara
title	Modeled Respiratory Tract Deposition of Aerosolized Oil Diluents Used in Δ9-THC-Based Electronic Cigarette Liquid Products
title_short	Modeled Respiratory Tract Deposition of Aerosolized Oil Diluents Used in Δ9-THC-Based Electronic Cigarette Liquid Products
title_full	Modeled Respiratory Tract Deposition of Aerosolized Oil Diluents Used in Δ9-THC-Based Electronic Cigarette Liquid Products
title_fullStr	Modeled Respiratory Tract Deposition of Aerosolized Oil Diluents Used in Δ9-THC-Based Electronic Cigarette Liquid Products
title_full_unstemmed	Modeled Respiratory Tract Deposition of Aerosolized Oil Diluents Used in Δ9-THC-Based Electronic Cigarette Liquid Products
title_sort	modeled respiratory tract deposition of aerosolized oil diluents used in δ9-thc-based electronic cigarette liquid products
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/95efce75acc64fcea29e2c5a1ab8cae6
work_keys_str_mv	AT anandranpara modeledrespiratorytractdepositionofaerosolizedoildiluentsusedind9thcbasedelectroniccigaretteliquidproducts AT aleksandrbstefaniak modeledrespiratorytractdepositionofaerosolizedoildiluentsusedind9thcbasedelectroniccigaretteliquidproducts AT kennethwilliams modeledrespiratorytractdepositionofaerosolizedoildiluentsusedind9thcbasedelectroniccigaretteliquidproducts AT elizabethfernandez modeledrespiratorytractdepositionofaerosolizedoildiluentsusedind9thcbasedelectroniccigaretteliquidproducts AT ryanflebouf modeledrespiratorytractdepositionofaerosolizedoildiluentsusedind9thcbasedelectroniccigaretteliquidproducts
_version_	1718445227164827648

Modeled Respiratory Tract Deposition of Aerosolized Oil Diluents Used in Δ9-THC-Based Electronic Cigarette Liquid Products

Ejemplares similares