Spatial Variability of Groundwater Quality for Freshwater Production in a Semi-Arid Area

Presenting groundwater quality assessment for different usages using one index is helpful to monitor the quality of this invaluable resource and reduce the cost of freshwater production, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. The drinking groundwater quality index (DGWQI) is one the best indica...

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Autores principales:	Qi Zhang, Baohua Zhou, Fang Dong, Zhanhong Liu, Yaser Ostovari
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	kriging variogram carbonate formation mapping Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/962bd702d1ae4889a6c89d8264799700
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:962bd702d1ae4889a6c89d8264799700
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:962bd702d1ae4889a6c89d82647997002021-11-11T19:54:56ZSpatial Variability of Groundwater Quality for Freshwater Production in a Semi-Arid Area10.3390/w132130242073-4441https://doaj.org/article/962bd702d1ae4889a6c89d82647997002021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3024https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441Presenting groundwater quality assessment for different usages using one index is helpful to monitor the quality of this invaluable resource and reduce the cost of freshwater production, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. The drinking groundwater quality index (DGWQI) is one the best indicators for groundwater quality assessment. Therefore, the purpose of the present research was to assess and map the groundwater quality of an aquifer for freshwater production in a semi-arid region, using GIS-based spatial analysis of DGWQI. For this goal, mean data from 70 wells collected during 2010–2018 were used. Results showed that total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and total hardness (TH) had the highest impact on groundwater quality that exceed the permissible range for drinking purposes. Results also revealed that 42% of samples had a DGWQI value between 0 and 100 (appropriate quality class). Sensitivity analysis determined that Mg<sup>2+</sup>, EC, and TDS with highest mean variation indexes of 18.98, 20.68, and 19.04, respectively, were the most sensitive parameters in the calculation of DGWQI. According to R<sup>2</sup> and RMSE, the ordinary kriging and spherical semi-variogram model had good performance for spatial analysis for all DGWQI, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, EC, and TDS. The DGWQI map showed that in the southern parts the groundwater (50% of the area) had unsuitable quality for drinking.Qi ZhangBaohua ZhouFang DongZhanhong LiuYaser OstovariMDPI AGarticlekrigingvariogramcarbonate formationmappingHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3024, p 3024 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	kriging variogram carbonate formation mapping Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	kriging variogram carbonate formation mapping Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Qi Zhang Baohua Zhou Fang Dong Zhanhong Liu Yaser Ostovari Spatial Variability of Groundwater Quality for Freshwater Production in a Semi-Arid Area
description	Presenting groundwater quality assessment for different usages using one index is helpful to monitor the quality of this invaluable resource and reduce the cost of freshwater production, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. The drinking groundwater quality index (DGWQI) is one the best indicators for groundwater quality assessment. Therefore, the purpose of the present research was to assess and map the groundwater quality of an aquifer for freshwater production in a semi-arid region, using GIS-based spatial analysis of DGWQI. For this goal, mean data from 70 wells collected during 2010–2018 were used. Results showed that total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and total hardness (TH) had the highest impact on groundwater quality that exceed the permissible range for drinking purposes. Results also revealed that 42% of samples had a DGWQI value between 0 and 100 (appropriate quality class). Sensitivity analysis determined that Mg<sup>2+</sup>, EC, and TDS with highest mean variation indexes of 18.98, 20.68, and 19.04, respectively, were the most sensitive parameters in the calculation of DGWQI. According to R<sup>2</sup> and RMSE, the ordinary kriging and spherical semi-variogram model had good performance for spatial analysis for all DGWQI, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, EC, and TDS. The DGWQI map showed that in the southern parts the groundwater (50% of the area) had unsuitable quality for drinking.
format	article
author	Qi Zhang Baohua Zhou Fang Dong Zhanhong Liu Yaser Ostovari
author_facet	Qi Zhang Baohua Zhou Fang Dong Zhanhong Liu Yaser Ostovari
author_sort	Qi Zhang
title	Spatial Variability of Groundwater Quality for Freshwater Production in a Semi-Arid Area
title_short	Spatial Variability of Groundwater Quality for Freshwater Production in a Semi-Arid Area
title_full	Spatial Variability of Groundwater Quality for Freshwater Production in a Semi-Arid Area
title_fullStr	Spatial Variability of Groundwater Quality for Freshwater Production in a Semi-Arid Area
title_full_unstemmed	Spatial Variability of Groundwater Quality for Freshwater Production in a Semi-Arid Area
title_sort	spatial variability of groundwater quality for freshwater production in a semi-arid area
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/962bd702d1ae4889a6c89d8264799700
work_keys_str_mv	AT qizhang spatialvariabilityofgroundwaterqualityforfreshwaterproductioninasemiaridarea AT baohuazhou spatialvariabilityofgroundwaterqualityforfreshwaterproductioninasemiaridarea AT fangdong spatialvariabilityofgroundwaterqualityforfreshwaterproductioninasemiaridarea AT zhanhongliu spatialvariabilityofgroundwaterqualityforfreshwaterproductioninasemiaridarea AT yaserostovari spatialvariabilityofgroundwaterqualityforfreshwaterproductioninasemiaridarea
_version_	1718431365090770944

Spatial Variability of Groundwater Quality for Freshwater Production in a Semi-Arid Area

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