Ancestral Reconstructions Decipher Major Adaptations of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea upon Radiation into Moderate Terrestrial and Marine Environments

ABSTRACT Unlike all other archaeal lineages, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) of the phylum Thaumarchaeota are widespread and abundant in all moderate and oxic environments on Earth. The evolutionary adaptations that led to such unprecedented ecological success of a microbial clade characterized by h...

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Autores principales:	Sophie S. Abby, Melina Kerou, Christa Schleper
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	type IV pili catalase aconitase Archaea ammonia oxidizing archaea reactive oxygen species Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/962e9ef36dde4843a30fa5f604a0e9be
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:962e9ef36dde4843a30fa5f604a0e9be2021-11-15T16:19:08ZAncestral Reconstructions Decipher Major Adaptations of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea upon Radiation into Moderate Terrestrial and Marine Environments10.1128/mBio.02371-202150-7511https://doaj.org/article/962e9ef36dde4843a30fa5f604a0e9be2020-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02371-20https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Unlike all other archaeal lineages, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) of the phylum Thaumarchaeota are widespread and abundant in all moderate and oxic environments on Earth. The evolutionary adaptations that led to such unprecedented ecological success of a microbial clade characterized by highly conserved energy and carbon metabolisms have, however, remained underexplored. Here, we reconstructed the genomic content and growth temperature of the ancestor of all AOA, as well as the ancestors of the marine and soil lineages, based on 39 available complete or nearly complete genomes of AOA. Our evolutionary scenario depicts an extremely thermophilic, autotrophic, aerobic ancestor from which three independent lineages of a marine and two terrestrial groups radiated into moderate environments. Their emergence was paralleled by (i) a continuous acquisition of an extensive collection of stress tolerance genes mostly involved in redox maintenance and oxygen detoxification, (ii) an expansion of regulatory capacities in transcription and central metabolic functions, and (iii) an extended repertoire of cell appendages and modifications related to adherence and interactions with the environment. Our analysis provides insights into the evolutionary transitions and key processes that enabled the conquest of the diverse environments in which contemporary AOA are found.Sophie S. AbbyMelina KerouChrista SchleperAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticletype IV pilicatalaseaconitaseArchaeaammonia oxidizing archaeareactive oxygen speciesMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 11, Iss 5 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	type IV pili catalase aconitase Archaea ammonia oxidizing archaea reactive oxygen species Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	type IV pili catalase aconitase Archaea ammonia oxidizing archaea reactive oxygen species Microbiology QR1-502 Sophie S. Abby Melina Kerou Christa Schleper Ancestral Reconstructions Decipher Major Adaptations of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea upon Radiation into Moderate Terrestrial and Marine Environments
description	ABSTRACT Unlike all other archaeal lineages, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) of the phylum Thaumarchaeota are widespread and abundant in all moderate and oxic environments on Earth. The evolutionary adaptations that led to such unprecedented ecological success of a microbial clade characterized by highly conserved energy and carbon metabolisms have, however, remained underexplored. Here, we reconstructed the genomic content and growth temperature of the ancestor of all AOA, as well as the ancestors of the marine and soil lineages, based on 39 available complete or nearly complete genomes of AOA. Our evolutionary scenario depicts an extremely thermophilic, autotrophic, aerobic ancestor from which three independent lineages of a marine and two terrestrial groups radiated into moderate environments. Their emergence was paralleled by (i) a continuous acquisition of an extensive collection of stress tolerance genes mostly involved in redox maintenance and oxygen detoxification, (ii) an expansion of regulatory capacities in transcription and central metabolic functions, and (iii) an extended repertoire of cell appendages and modifications related to adherence and interactions with the environment. Our analysis provides insights into the evolutionary transitions and key processes that enabled the conquest of the diverse environments in which contemporary AOA are found.
format	article
author	Sophie S. Abby Melina Kerou Christa Schleper
author_facet	Sophie S. Abby Melina Kerou Christa Schleper
author_sort	Sophie S. Abby
title	Ancestral Reconstructions Decipher Major Adaptations of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea upon Radiation into Moderate Terrestrial and Marine Environments
title_short	Ancestral Reconstructions Decipher Major Adaptations of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea upon Radiation into Moderate Terrestrial and Marine Environments
title_full	Ancestral Reconstructions Decipher Major Adaptations of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea upon Radiation into Moderate Terrestrial and Marine Environments
title_fullStr	Ancestral Reconstructions Decipher Major Adaptations of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea upon Radiation into Moderate Terrestrial and Marine Environments
title_full_unstemmed	Ancestral Reconstructions Decipher Major Adaptations of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea upon Radiation into Moderate Terrestrial and Marine Environments
title_sort	ancestral reconstructions decipher major adaptations of ammonia-oxidizing archaea upon radiation into moderate terrestrial and marine environments
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/962e9ef36dde4843a30fa5f604a0e9be
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Ancestral Reconstructions Decipher Major Adaptations of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea upon Radiation into Moderate Terrestrial and Marine Environments

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