Psychedelic drug use and schizotypy in young adults

Abstract Despite recently resurrected scientific interest in classical psychedelics, few studies have focused on potential harms associated with abuse of these substances. In particular, the link between psychedelic use and psychotic symptoms has been debated while no conclusive evidence has been pr...

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Autores principales:	Alexander V. Lebedev, K. Acar, B. Garzón, R. Almeida, J. Råback, A. Åberg, S. Martinsson, A. Olsson, A. Louzolo, P. Pärnamets, M. Lövden, L. Atlas, Martin Ingvar, P. Petrovic
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9643d4126db5452fa457658b04b1174c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9643d4126db5452fa457658b04b1174c2021-12-02T16:26:22ZPsychedelic drug use and schizotypy in young adults10.1038/s41598-021-94421-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9643d4126db5452fa457658b04b1174c2021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94421-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Despite recently resurrected scientific interest in classical psychedelics, few studies have focused on potential harms associated with abuse of these substances. In particular, the link between psychedelic use and psychotic symptoms has been debated while no conclusive evidence has been presented. Here, we studied an adult population (n = 1032) with a special focus on young (18–35 years) and healthy individuals (n = 701) to evaluate the association of psychedelic drug use with schizotypy and evidence integration impairment typically observed in psychosis-spectrum disorders. Experimental behavioural testing was performed in a subsample of the subjects (n = 39). We observed higher schizotypy scores in psychedelic users in the total sample. However, the effect size was notably small and only marginally significant when considering young and healthy subjects (Cohen’s d = 0.13). Controlling for concomitant drug use, none of our analyses found significant associations between psychedelic use and schizotypal traits. Results from experimental testing showed that total exposure to psychedelics (frequency and temporal proximity of use) was associated with better evidence integration (Cohen’s d = 0.13) and a higher sensitivity of fear responses (Cohen’s d = 1.05) to the effects instructed knowledge in a reversal aversive learning task modelled computationally with skin conductance response and pupillometry. This effect was present even when controlling for demographics and concomitant drug use. On a group level, however, only difference in sensitivity of fear responses to instructed knowledge reached statistical significance. Taken together, our findings suggest that psychedelic drug use is only weakly associated with psychosis-like symptoms, which, in turn, is to a large extent explained by psychiatric comorbidities and use of other psychoactive substances. Our results also suggest that psychedelics may have an effect on flexibility of evidence integration and aversive learning processes, that may be linked to recently suggested therapeutic effects of psychedelic drugs in non-psychotic psychiatric populations.Alexander V. LebedevK. AcarB. GarzónR. AlmeidaJ. RåbackA. ÅbergS. MartinssonA. OlssonA. LouzoloP. PärnametsM. LövdenL. AtlasMartin IngvarP. PetrovicNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Alexander V. Lebedev K. Acar B. Garzón R. Almeida J. Råback A. Åberg S. Martinsson A. Olsson A. Louzolo P. Pärnamets M. Lövden L. Atlas Martin Ingvar P. Petrovic Psychedelic drug use and schizotypy in young adults
description	Abstract Despite recently resurrected scientific interest in classical psychedelics, few studies have focused on potential harms associated with abuse of these substances. In particular, the link between psychedelic use and psychotic symptoms has been debated while no conclusive evidence has been presented. Here, we studied an adult population (n = 1032) with a special focus on young (18–35 years) and healthy individuals (n = 701) to evaluate the association of psychedelic drug use with schizotypy and evidence integration impairment typically observed in psychosis-spectrum disorders. Experimental behavioural testing was performed in a subsample of the subjects (n = 39). We observed higher schizotypy scores in psychedelic users in the total sample. However, the effect size was notably small and only marginally significant when considering young and healthy subjects (Cohen’s d = 0.13). Controlling for concomitant drug use, none of our analyses found significant associations between psychedelic use and schizotypal traits. Results from experimental testing showed that total exposure to psychedelics (frequency and temporal proximity of use) was associated with better evidence integration (Cohen’s d = 0.13) and a higher sensitivity of fear responses (Cohen’s d = 1.05) to the effects instructed knowledge in a reversal aversive learning task modelled computationally with skin conductance response and pupillometry. This effect was present even when controlling for demographics and concomitant drug use. On a group level, however, only difference in sensitivity of fear responses to instructed knowledge reached statistical significance. Taken together, our findings suggest that psychedelic drug use is only weakly associated with psychosis-like symptoms, which, in turn, is to a large extent explained by psychiatric comorbidities and use of other psychoactive substances. Our results also suggest that psychedelics may have an effect on flexibility of evidence integration and aversive learning processes, that may be linked to recently suggested therapeutic effects of psychedelic drugs in non-psychotic psychiatric populations.
format	article
author	Alexander V. Lebedev K. Acar B. Garzón R. Almeida J. Råback A. Åberg S. Martinsson A. Olsson A. Louzolo P. Pärnamets M. Lövden L. Atlas Martin Ingvar P. Petrovic
author_facet	Alexander V. Lebedev K. Acar B. Garzón R. Almeida J. Råback A. Åberg S. Martinsson A. Olsson A. Louzolo P. Pärnamets M. Lövden L. Atlas Martin Ingvar P. Petrovic
author_sort	Alexander V. Lebedev
title	Psychedelic drug use and schizotypy in young adults
title_short	Psychedelic drug use and schizotypy in young adults
title_full	Psychedelic drug use and schizotypy in young adults
title_fullStr	Psychedelic drug use and schizotypy in young adults
title_full_unstemmed	Psychedelic drug use and schizotypy in young adults
title_sort	psychedelic drug use and schizotypy in young adults
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9643d4126db5452fa457658b04b1174c
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Psychedelic drug use and schizotypy in young adults

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