A non-lethal method for studying scorpion venom gland transcriptomes, with a review of potentially suitable taxa to which it can be applied.

Scorpion venoms are mixtures of proteins, peptides and small molecular compounds with high specificity for ion channels and are therefore considered to be promising candidates in the venoms-to-drugs pipeline. Transcriptomes are important tools for studying the composition and expression of scorpion...

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Autores principales:	Freek J Vonk, Mátyás A Bittenbinder, Harald M I Kerkkamp, Dwin G B Grashof, John P Archer, Sandra Afonso, Michael K Richardson, Jeroen Kool, Arie van der Meijden
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9647148e57444214ad232b3792d6f47b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9647148e57444214ad232b3792d6f47b2021-12-02T20:12:51ZA non-lethal method for studying scorpion venom gland transcriptomes, with a review of potentially suitable taxa to which it can be applied.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0258712https://doaj.org/article/9647148e57444214ad232b3792d6f47b2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258712https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Scorpion venoms are mixtures of proteins, peptides and small molecular compounds with high specificity for ion channels and are therefore considered to be promising candidates in the venoms-to-drugs pipeline. Transcriptomes are important tools for studying the composition and expression of scorpion venom. Unfortunately, studying the venom gland transcriptome traditionally requires sacrificing the animal and therefore is always a single snapshot in time. This paper describes a new way of generating a scorpion venom gland transcriptome without sacrificing the animal, thereby allowing the study of the transcriptome at various time points within a single individual. By comparing these venom-derived transcriptomes to the traditional whole-telson transcriptomes we show that the relative expression levels of the major toxin classes are similar. We further performed a multi-day extraction using our proposed method to show the possibility of doing a multiple time point transcriptome analysis. This allows for the study of patterns of toxin gene activation over time a single individual, and allows assessment of the effects of diet, season and other factors that are known or likely to influence intraindividual venom composition. We discuss the gland characteristics that may allow this method to be successful in scorpions and provide a review of other venomous taxa to which this method may potentially be successfully applied.Freek J VonkMátyás A BittenbinderHarald M I KerkkampDwin G B GrashofJohn P ArcherSandra AfonsoMichael K RichardsonJeroen KoolArie van der MeijdenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 11, p e0258712 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Freek J Vonk Mátyás A Bittenbinder Harald M I Kerkkamp Dwin G B Grashof John P Archer Sandra Afonso Michael K Richardson Jeroen Kool Arie van der Meijden A non-lethal method for studying scorpion venom gland transcriptomes, with a review of potentially suitable taxa to which it can be applied.
description	Scorpion venoms are mixtures of proteins, peptides and small molecular compounds with high specificity for ion channels and are therefore considered to be promising candidates in the venoms-to-drugs pipeline. Transcriptomes are important tools for studying the composition and expression of scorpion venom. Unfortunately, studying the venom gland transcriptome traditionally requires sacrificing the animal and therefore is always a single snapshot in time. This paper describes a new way of generating a scorpion venom gland transcriptome without sacrificing the animal, thereby allowing the study of the transcriptome at various time points within a single individual. By comparing these venom-derived transcriptomes to the traditional whole-telson transcriptomes we show that the relative expression levels of the major toxin classes are similar. We further performed a multi-day extraction using our proposed method to show the possibility of doing a multiple time point transcriptome analysis. This allows for the study of patterns of toxin gene activation over time a single individual, and allows assessment of the effects of diet, season and other factors that are known or likely to influence intraindividual venom composition. We discuss the gland characteristics that may allow this method to be successful in scorpions and provide a review of other venomous taxa to which this method may potentially be successfully applied.
format	article
author	Freek J Vonk Mátyás A Bittenbinder Harald M I Kerkkamp Dwin G B Grashof John P Archer Sandra Afonso Michael K Richardson Jeroen Kool Arie van der Meijden
author_facet	Freek J Vonk Mátyás A Bittenbinder Harald M I Kerkkamp Dwin G B Grashof John P Archer Sandra Afonso Michael K Richardson Jeroen Kool Arie van der Meijden
author_sort	Freek J Vonk
title	A non-lethal method for studying scorpion venom gland transcriptomes, with a review of potentially suitable taxa to which it can be applied.
title_short	A non-lethal method for studying scorpion venom gland transcriptomes, with a review of potentially suitable taxa to which it can be applied.
title_full	A non-lethal method for studying scorpion venom gland transcriptomes, with a review of potentially suitable taxa to which it can be applied.
title_fullStr	A non-lethal method for studying scorpion venom gland transcriptomes, with a review of potentially suitable taxa to which it can be applied.
title_full_unstemmed	A non-lethal method for studying scorpion venom gland transcriptomes, with a review of potentially suitable taxa to which it can be applied.
title_sort	non-lethal method for studying scorpion venom gland transcriptomes, with a review of potentially suitable taxa to which it can be applied.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9647148e57444214ad232b3792d6f47b
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A non-lethal method for studying scorpion venom gland transcriptomes, with a review of potentially suitable taxa to which it can be applied.

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