Effects of the herbicides metazachlor and flufenacet on phytoplankton communities – A microcosm assay

Agrochemicals are the main pollutants in freshwater ecosystems. Metazachlor and flufenacet are two common herbicides applied in fall (i.e., August–October) to agricultural fields in Northern Germany. High concentrations of these herbicides are often found in adjacent aquatic ecosystems. Phytoplankto...

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Autores principales:	Lishani Wijewardene, Naicheng Wu, Georg Hörmann, Beata Messyasz, Tenna Riis, Christina Hölzel, Uta Ulrich, Nicola Fohrer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Herbicides Algae Species composition Biodiversity Functional features Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/964bee4154254e6ea3ddb75529c533a0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:964bee4154254e6ea3ddb75529c533a02021-12-02T04:58:56ZEffects of the herbicides metazachlor and flufenacet on phytoplankton communities – A microcosm assay0147-651310.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113036https://doaj.org/article/964bee4154254e6ea3ddb75529c533a02021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321011489https://doaj.org/toc/0147-6513Agrochemicals are the main pollutants in freshwater ecosystems. Metazachlor and flufenacet are two common herbicides applied in fall (i.e., August–October) to agricultural fields in Northern Germany. High concentrations of these herbicides are often found in adjacent aquatic ecosystems. Phytoplankton are one of the highly susceptible non-targeted aquatic organismal groups for herbicides and effects on phytoplankton may initiate a chain of consequences in meta communities through trophic interactions. Few studies have focused on responses of the phytoplankton community for metazachlor and, no studies have focused on flufenacet. We studied the effects of metazachlor and flufenacet on the phytoplankton community by conducting a microcosm experiment exposing natural fall phytoplankton communities to environmentally realistic concentrations as 0 (control), 0.5, 5 and 50 µg L−1 of metazachlor and flufenacet treatments over a 4-week period. We measured changes in density, composition (i.e., in phyla and species level), taxonomic diversity indices, and functional features of phytoplankton communities as a response to herbicides. A reduction in the density of Chlorophyta species (e.g., Koliella longiseta, Selenastrum bibraianum) and Cyanobacteria species (e.g., Merismopedia tenuissima and Aphanocapsa elegans) was observed in herbicide treatments compared to controls. The phytoplankton community shifted towards a high density of species from Bacillariophyta (e.g., Nitzschia fonticola and Cyclotella meneghiniana), Miozoa (i.e., Peridinium willei), and Euglenozoa (i.e., Trachelomonas volvocina) in herbicide treatments compared to controls. Metazachlor and flufenacet showed significant negative effects on taxonomic diversity indices (e.g., species richness, the Shannon-Wiener index) and functional features (e.g., functional dispersion and redundancy) of the phytoplankton communities, with increasing herbicide concentrations. Our study provides insights into direct, selective, and irrecoverable effects of metazachlor and flufenacet on phytoplankton communities in the short-term. The comprehensive understanding of these effects of environmentally realistic herbicide concentrations on aquatic biota is essential for a sustainable management of aquatic ecosystems in agricultural areas.Lishani WijewardeneNaicheng WuGeorg HörmannBeata MessyaszTenna RiisChristina HölzelUta UlrichNicola FohrerElsevierarticleHerbicidesAlgaeSpecies compositionBiodiversityFunctional featuresEnvironmental pollutionTD172-193.5Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 228, Iss , Pp 113036- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Herbicides Algae Species composition Biodiversity Functional features Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	Herbicides Algae Species composition Biodiversity Functional features Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Lishani Wijewardene Naicheng Wu Georg Hörmann Beata Messyasz Tenna Riis Christina Hölzel Uta Ulrich Nicola Fohrer Effects of the herbicides metazachlor and flufenacet on phytoplankton communities – A microcosm assay
description	Agrochemicals are the main pollutants in freshwater ecosystems. Metazachlor and flufenacet are two common herbicides applied in fall (i.e., August–October) to agricultural fields in Northern Germany. High concentrations of these herbicides are often found in adjacent aquatic ecosystems. Phytoplankton are one of the highly susceptible non-targeted aquatic organismal groups for herbicides and effects on phytoplankton may initiate a chain of consequences in meta communities through trophic interactions. Few studies have focused on responses of the phytoplankton community for metazachlor and, no studies have focused on flufenacet. We studied the effects of metazachlor and flufenacet on the phytoplankton community by conducting a microcosm experiment exposing natural fall phytoplankton communities to environmentally realistic concentrations as 0 (control), 0.5, 5 and 50 µg L−1 of metazachlor and flufenacet treatments over a 4-week period. We measured changes in density, composition (i.e., in phyla and species level), taxonomic diversity indices, and functional features of phytoplankton communities as a response to herbicides. A reduction in the density of Chlorophyta species (e.g., Koliella longiseta, Selenastrum bibraianum) and Cyanobacteria species (e.g., Merismopedia tenuissima and Aphanocapsa elegans) was observed in herbicide treatments compared to controls. The phytoplankton community shifted towards a high density of species from Bacillariophyta (e.g., Nitzschia fonticola and Cyclotella meneghiniana), Miozoa (i.e., Peridinium willei), and Euglenozoa (i.e., Trachelomonas volvocina) in herbicide treatments compared to controls. Metazachlor and flufenacet showed significant negative effects on taxonomic diversity indices (e.g., species richness, the Shannon-Wiener index) and functional features (e.g., functional dispersion and redundancy) of the phytoplankton communities, with increasing herbicide concentrations. Our study provides insights into direct, selective, and irrecoverable effects of metazachlor and flufenacet on phytoplankton communities in the short-term. The comprehensive understanding of these effects of environmentally realistic herbicide concentrations on aquatic biota is essential for a sustainable management of aquatic ecosystems in agricultural areas.
format	article
author	Lishani Wijewardene Naicheng Wu Georg Hörmann Beata Messyasz Tenna Riis Christina Hölzel Uta Ulrich Nicola Fohrer
author_facet	Lishani Wijewardene Naicheng Wu Georg Hörmann Beata Messyasz Tenna Riis Christina Hölzel Uta Ulrich Nicola Fohrer
author_sort	Lishani Wijewardene
title	Effects of the herbicides metazachlor and flufenacet on phytoplankton communities – A microcosm assay
title_short	Effects of the herbicides metazachlor and flufenacet on phytoplankton communities – A microcosm assay
title_full	Effects of the herbicides metazachlor and flufenacet on phytoplankton communities – A microcosm assay
title_fullStr	Effects of the herbicides metazachlor and flufenacet on phytoplankton communities – A microcosm assay
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of the herbicides metazachlor and flufenacet on phytoplankton communities – A microcosm assay
title_sort	effects of the herbicides metazachlor and flufenacet on phytoplankton communities – a microcosm assay
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/964bee4154254e6ea3ddb75529c533a0
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Effects of the herbicides metazachlor and flufenacet on phytoplankton communities – A microcosm assay

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