Acute effects of a single dose of 2 mA of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on executive functions in patients with schizophrenia-A randomized controlled trial.

<h4>Objective</h4>Cognitive impairments are a frequent and difficult to treat symptom in patients with schizophrenia and the strongest predictor for a successful reintegration in occupational and everyday life. Recent research suggests transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to en...

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Autores principales:	Thomas M Schilling, Magdalena Bossert, Miriam König, Gustav Wirtz, Matthias Weisbrod, Steffen Aschenbrenner
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/96549ff8b4f74e09a4b2b77d23d0f4ad
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:96549ff8b4f74e09a4b2b77d23d0f4ad2021-12-02T20:09:09ZAcute effects of a single dose of 2 mA of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on executive functions in patients with schizophrenia-A randomized controlled trial.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0254695https://doaj.org/article/96549ff8b4f74e09a4b2b77d23d0f4ad2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254695https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Objective</h4>Cognitive impairments are a frequent and difficult to treat symptom in patients with schizophrenia and the strongest predictor for a successful reintegration in occupational and everyday life. Recent research suggests transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to enhance cognition in this patient group. However, the question regarding its acute effectiveness on executive functions remains largely unanswered. Here, we examined in a randomized, double blind, sham-controlled repeated-measures design the impact of tDCS on performance in several executive functions in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or acute transient psychotic disorder.<h4>Methods</h4>Patients (N = 48) were tested twice using standardized, well-constructed and clinically validated neuropsychological tests assessing verbal working memory, response inhibition, mental flexibility and problem solving. In session 1 they solely underwent the neuropsychological assessment, whereas in session 2 they additionally received 2 mA of anodal tDCS stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), cathode right supraorbital ridge, or sham stimulation for 20 minutes.<h4>Results</h4>Patients of both groups were not able to correctly discriminate the type of stimulation received confirming the success of the blinding procedure. However, analyzing the whole sample the change in performance from session 1 to session 2 was the same in the verum as in the sham condition (all p >.5). Moreover, a subsequent exploratory analysis showed that performance in the response inhibition task was worse for patients that engaged in the task within 20 minutes after the end of the verum stimulation.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Hence, 2 mA of anodal tDCS applied over the left DLPFC did not acutely enhance executive functions in patients with schizophrenia or related disorders but impaired performance in the response inhibition task shortly after. Future studies should continue to seek for effective stimulation configurations for this patient group.<h4>Clinical trial registration</h4>The study is registered in the "Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien DRKS", German Clinical Trial Register and has been allocated the following number: DRKS00022126.Thomas M SchillingMagdalena BossertMiriam KönigGustav WirtzMatthias WeisbrodSteffen AschenbrennerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0254695 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Thomas M Schilling Magdalena Bossert Miriam König Gustav Wirtz Matthias Weisbrod Steffen Aschenbrenner Acute effects of a single dose of 2 mA of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on executive functions in patients with schizophrenia-A randomized controlled trial.
description	<h4>Objective</h4>Cognitive impairments are a frequent and difficult to treat symptom in patients with schizophrenia and the strongest predictor for a successful reintegration in occupational and everyday life. Recent research suggests transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to enhance cognition in this patient group. However, the question regarding its acute effectiveness on executive functions remains largely unanswered. Here, we examined in a randomized, double blind, sham-controlled repeated-measures design the impact of tDCS on performance in several executive functions in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or acute transient psychotic disorder.<h4>Methods</h4>Patients (N = 48) were tested twice using standardized, well-constructed and clinically validated neuropsychological tests assessing verbal working memory, response inhibition, mental flexibility and problem solving. In session 1 they solely underwent the neuropsychological assessment, whereas in session 2 they additionally received 2 mA of anodal tDCS stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), cathode right supraorbital ridge, or sham stimulation for 20 minutes.<h4>Results</h4>Patients of both groups were not able to correctly discriminate the type of stimulation received confirming the success of the blinding procedure. However, analyzing the whole sample the change in performance from session 1 to session 2 was the same in the verum as in the sham condition (all p >.5). Moreover, a subsequent exploratory analysis showed that performance in the response inhibition task was worse for patients that engaged in the task within 20 minutes after the end of the verum stimulation.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Hence, 2 mA of anodal tDCS applied over the left DLPFC did not acutely enhance executive functions in patients with schizophrenia or related disorders but impaired performance in the response inhibition task shortly after. Future studies should continue to seek for effective stimulation configurations for this patient group.<h4>Clinical trial registration</h4>The study is registered in the "Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien DRKS", German Clinical Trial Register and has been allocated the following number: DRKS00022126.
format	article
author	Thomas M Schilling Magdalena Bossert Miriam König Gustav Wirtz Matthias Weisbrod Steffen Aschenbrenner
author_facet	Thomas M Schilling Magdalena Bossert Miriam König Gustav Wirtz Matthias Weisbrod Steffen Aschenbrenner
author_sort	Thomas M Schilling
title	Acute effects of a single dose of 2 mA of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on executive functions in patients with schizophrenia-A randomized controlled trial.
title_short	Acute effects of a single dose of 2 mA of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on executive functions in patients with schizophrenia-A randomized controlled trial.
title_full	Acute effects of a single dose of 2 mA of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on executive functions in patients with schizophrenia-A randomized controlled trial.
title_fullStr	Acute effects of a single dose of 2 mA of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on executive functions in patients with schizophrenia-A randomized controlled trial.
title_full_unstemmed	Acute effects of a single dose of 2 mA of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on executive functions in patients with schizophrenia-A randomized controlled trial.
title_sort	acute effects of a single dose of 2 ma of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on executive functions in patients with schizophrenia-a randomized controlled trial.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/96549ff8b4f74e09a4b2b77d23d0f4ad
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Acute effects of a single dose of 2 mA of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on executive functions in patients with schizophrenia-A randomized controlled trial.

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