Impact of smoking cannabidiol (CBD)-rich marijuana on driving ability

To investigate effects of smoking cannabidiol (CBD)-rich marijuana on driving ability and determine free CBD and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations in capillary blood samples, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover pilot study was conducted with 33 participants....

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Autores principales:	Tim J. Gelmi, Wolfgang Weinmann, Matthias Pfäffli
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Taylor & Francis Group 2021
Materias:	forensic sciences forensic toxicology cannabidiol driving while impaired road safety driving assessment Criminal law and procedure K5000-5582 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/96a0ba7a3f0f4514af4285521e32bd7b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:96a0ba7a3f0f4514af4285521e32bd7b2021-12-01T14:40:59ZImpact of smoking cannabidiol (CBD)-rich marijuana on driving ability2096-17902471-141110.1080/20961790.2021.1946924https://doaj.org/article/96a0ba7a3f0f4514af4285521e32bd7b2021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1946924https://doaj.org/toc/2096-1790https://doaj.org/toc/2471-1411To investigate effects of smoking cannabidiol (CBD)-rich marijuana on driving ability and determine free CBD and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations in capillary blood samples, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover pilot study was conducted with 33 participants. Participants smoked a joint containing 500 mg of tobacco and either 500 mg of CBD-rich marijuana (16.6% total CBD; 0.9% total THC) or 500 mg of a placebo substance, then performed three different dimensions of the Vienna Test System TRAFFIC examining reaction time, behaviour under stress, and concentration performance. For further assessment of participants’ fitness to drive, three tests of balance and coordination were evaluated and vital signs (blood pressure and pulse) were measured. Dried blood spot samples of capillary blood were taken after smoking and after completion of the tests to determine the cannabinoid concentrations (CBD, THC and THC-metabolites). The results revealed no significant differences between the effects of smoking CBD-rich marijuana and placebo on reaction time, motor time, behaviour under stress, or concentration performance. Maximum free CBD and THC concentrations in capillary blood were detected shortly after smoking, ranging between 2.6–440.0 ng/mL and 6.7–102.0 ng/mL, respectively. After 45 min, capillary blood concentrations had already declined and were in the range of 1.9–135.0 ng/mL (free CBD) and 0.9–38.0 ng/mL (free THC). Although the observed levels of free THC concentrations have been reported to cause symptoms of impairment in previous studies in which THC-rich marijuana was smoked, no signs of impairment were found in the current study. This finding suggests that higher CBD concentrations cause a negative allosteric effect in the endocannabinoid system, preventing the formation of such symptoms. Nevertheless, it is recommended that consumers refrain from driving for several hours after smoking CBD-rich marijuana, as legal THC concentration limits may be exceeded. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1946924 .Tim J. GelmiWolfgang WeinmannMatthias PfäffliTaylor & Francis Grouparticleforensic sciencesforensic toxicologycannabidioldriving while impairedroad safetydriving assessmentCriminal law and procedureK5000-5582Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENForensic Sciences Research, Vol 6, Iss 3, Pp 195-207 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	forensic sciences forensic toxicology cannabidiol driving while impaired road safety driving assessment Criminal law and procedure K5000-5582 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	forensic sciences forensic toxicology cannabidiol driving while impaired road safety driving assessment Criminal law and procedure K5000-5582 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Tim J. Gelmi Wolfgang Weinmann Matthias Pfäffli Impact of smoking cannabidiol (CBD)-rich marijuana on driving ability
description	To investigate effects of smoking cannabidiol (CBD)-rich marijuana on driving ability and determine free CBD and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations in capillary blood samples, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover pilot study was conducted with 33 participants. Participants smoked a joint containing 500 mg of tobacco and either 500 mg of CBD-rich marijuana (16.6% total CBD; 0.9% total THC) or 500 mg of a placebo substance, then performed three different dimensions of the Vienna Test System TRAFFIC examining reaction time, behaviour under stress, and concentration performance. For further assessment of participants’ fitness to drive, three tests of balance and coordination were evaluated and vital signs (blood pressure and pulse) were measured. Dried blood spot samples of capillary blood were taken after smoking and after completion of the tests to determine the cannabinoid concentrations (CBD, THC and THC-metabolites). The results revealed no significant differences between the effects of smoking CBD-rich marijuana and placebo on reaction time, motor time, behaviour under stress, or concentration performance. Maximum free CBD and THC concentrations in capillary blood were detected shortly after smoking, ranging between 2.6–440.0 ng/mL and 6.7–102.0 ng/mL, respectively. After 45 min, capillary blood concentrations had already declined and were in the range of 1.9–135.0 ng/mL (free CBD) and 0.9–38.0 ng/mL (free THC). Although the observed levels of free THC concentrations have been reported to cause symptoms of impairment in previous studies in which THC-rich marijuana was smoked, no signs of impairment were found in the current study. This finding suggests that higher CBD concentrations cause a negative allosteric effect in the endocannabinoid system, preventing the formation of such symptoms. Nevertheless, it is recommended that consumers refrain from driving for several hours after smoking CBD-rich marijuana, as legal THC concentration limits may be exceeded. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1946924 .
format	article
author	Tim J. Gelmi Wolfgang Weinmann Matthias Pfäffli
author_facet	Tim J. Gelmi Wolfgang Weinmann Matthias Pfäffli
author_sort	Tim J. Gelmi
title	Impact of smoking cannabidiol (CBD)-rich marijuana on driving ability
title_short	Impact of smoking cannabidiol (CBD)-rich marijuana on driving ability
title_full	Impact of smoking cannabidiol (CBD)-rich marijuana on driving ability
title_fullStr	Impact of smoking cannabidiol (CBD)-rich marijuana on driving ability
title_full_unstemmed	Impact of smoking cannabidiol (CBD)-rich marijuana on driving ability
title_sort	impact of smoking cannabidiol (cbd)-rich marijuana on driving ability
publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/96a0ba7a3f0f4514af4285521e32bd7b
work_keys_str_mv	AT timjgelmi impactofsmokingcannabidiolcbdrichmarijuanaondrivingability AT wolfgangweinmann impactofsmokingcannabidiolcbdrichmarijuanaondrivingability AT matthiaspfaffli impactofsmokingcannabidiolcbdrichmarijuanaondrivingability
_version_	1718405008999841792

Impact of smoking cannabidiol (CBD)-rich marijuana on driving ability

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