Insufficient Vitamin C Levels among Adults in the United States: Results from the NHANES Surveys, 2003–2006

Vitamin C, well-established in immune function and a key factor in epigenetic inflammatory modifications, is only obtained through consistent dietary intake. Identifying individuals at risk for Vitamin C insufficiency may guide prevention and treatment, however, national surveillance has not been ev...

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Autores principales:	Jennifer Crook, Ann Horgas, Saun-Joo Yoon, Oliver Grundmann, Versie Johnson-Mallard
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	ascorbate Vitamin C insufficiency public health food insecurity nutrition Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/96afd0b5c8104d588cddba447b515898
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:96afd0b5c8104d588cddba447b5158982021-11-25T18:35:11ZInsufficient Vitamin C Levels among Adults in the United States: Results from the NHANES Surveys, 2003–200610.3390/nu131139102072-6643https://doaj.org/article/96afd0b5c8104d588cddba447b5158982021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3910https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Vitamin C, well-established in immune function and a key factor in epigenetic inflammatory modifications, is only obtained through consistent dietary intake. Identifying individuals at risk for Vitamin C insufficiency may guide prevention and treatment, however, national surveillance has not been evaluated in the United States since 2006. A descriptive, cross-sectional secondary analysis was performed utilizing data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) assessing non-institutionalized adults. Five categories of plasma Vitamin C were delineated: deficiency (<11 μmol/L), hypovitaminosis (11–23 μmol/L), inadequate (23–49 μmol/L), adequate (50–69 μmol/L), and saturating (≥70 μmol/L). Results indicated 41.8% of the population possessed insufficient levels (deficiency, hypovitaminosis, and inadequate) of Vitamin C. Males, adults aged 20–59, Black and Mexican Americans, smokers, individuals with increased BMI, middle and high poverty to income ratio and food insecurity were significantly associated with insufficient Vitamin C plasma levels. Plasma Vitamin C levels reveal a large proportion of the population still at risk for inflammatory driven disease with little to no symptoms of Vitamin C hypovitaminosis. Recognition and regulation of the health impact of Vitamin C support the goal of Nutrition and Healthy Eating as part of the Healthy People 2030.Jennifer CrookAnn HorgasSaun-Joo YoonOliver GrundmannVersie Johnson-MallardMDPI AGarticleascorbateVitamin C insufficiencypublic healthfood insecuritynutritionNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENNutrients, Vol 13, Iss 3910, p 3910 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ascorbate Vitamin C insufficiency public health food insecurity nutrition Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	ascorbate Vitamin C insufficiency public health food insecurity nutrition Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Jennifer Crook Ann Horgas Saun-Joo Yoon Oliver Grundmann Versie Johnson-Mallard Insufficient Vitamin C Levels among Adults in the United States: Results from the NHANES Surveys, 2003–2006
description	Vitamin C, well-established in immune function and a key factor in epigenetic inflammatory modifications, is only obtained through consistent dietary intake. Identifying individuals at risk for Vitamin C insufficiency may guide prevention and treatment, however, national surveillance has not been evaluated in the United States since 2006. A descriptive, cross-sectional secondary analysis was performed utilizing data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) assessing non-institutionalized adults. Five categories of plasma Vitamin C were delineated: deficiency (<11 μmol/L), hypovitaminosis (11–23 μmol/L), inadequate (23–49 μmol/L), adequate (50–69 μmol/L), and saturating (≥70 μmol/L). Results indicated 41.8% of the population possessed insufficient levels (deficiency, hypovitaminosis, and inadequate) of Vitamin C. Males, adults aged 20–59, Black and Mexican Americans, smokers, individuals with increased BMI, middle and high poverty to income ratio and food insecurity were significantly associated with insufficient Vitamin C plasma levels. Plasma Vitamin C levels reveal a large proportion of the population still at risk for inflammatory driven disease with little to no symptoms of Vitamin C hypovitaminosis. Recognition and regulation of the health impact of Vitamin C support the goal of Nutrition and Healthy Eating as part of the Healthy People 2030.
format	article
author	Jennifer Crook Ann Horgas Saun-Joo Yoon Oliver Grundmann Versie Johnson-Mallard
author_facet	Jennifer Crook Ann Horgas Saun-Joo Yoon Oliver Grundmann Versie Johnson-Mallard
author_sort	Jennifer Crook
title	Insufficient Vitamin C Levels among Adults in the United States: Results from the NHANES Surveys, 2003–2006
title_short	Insufficient Vitamin C Levels among Adults in the United States: Results from the NHANES Surveys, 2003–2006
title_full	Insufficient Vitamin C Levels among Adults in the United States: Results from the NHANES Surveys, 2003–2006
title_fullStr	Insufficient Vitamin C Levels among Adults in the United States: Results from the NHANES Surveys, 2003–2006
title_full_unstemmed	Insufficient Vitamin C Levels among Adults in the United States: Results from the NHANES Surveys, 2003–2006
title_sort	insufficient vitamin c levels among adults in the united states: results from the nhanes surveys, 2003–2006
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/96afd0b5c8104d588cddba447b515898
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Insufficient Vitamin C Levels among Adults in the United States: Results from the NHANES Surveys, 2003–2006

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