Biochemical and Metabolic Plant Responses toward Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals Present in Atmospheric Pollution

Heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic components of atmospheric particles. These pollutants induce a wide variety of responses in plants, leading to tolerance or toxicity. Their effects on plants depend on many different environmental conditions, not only the type...

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Autores principales:	Lázaro Molina, Ana Segura
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	atmospheric pollutants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons heavy metals ROS production phytohormones P450 monooxygenases Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/96b5f2c57c054c35aa82d24ad793d9de
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:96b5f2c57c054c35aa82d24ad793d9de2021-11-25T18:45:06ZBiochemical and Metabolic Plant Responses toward Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals Present in Atmospheric Pollution10.3390/plants101123052223-7747https://doaj.org/article/96b5f2c57c054c35aa82d24ad793d9de2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2305https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic components of atmospheric particles. These pollutants induce a wide variety of responses in plants, leading to tolerance or toxicity. Their effects on plants depend on many different environmental conditions, not only the type and concentration of contaminant, temperature or soil pH, but also on the physiological or genetic status of the plant. The main detoxification process in plants is the accumulation of the contaminant in vacuoles or cell walls. PAHs are normally transformed by enzymatic plant machinery prior to conjugation and immobilization; heavy metals are frequently chelated by some molecules, with glutathione, phytochelatins and metallothioneins being the main players in heavy metal detoxification. Besides these detoxification mechanisms, the presence of contaminants leads to the production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the dynamic of ROS production and detoxification renders different outcomes in different scenarios, from cellular death to the induction of stress resistances. ROS responses have been extensively studied; the complexity of the ROS response and the subsequent cascade of effects on phytohormones and metabolic changes, which depend on local concentrations in different organelles and on the lifetime of each ROS species, allow the plant to modulate its responses to different environmental clues. Basic knowledge of plant responses toward pollutants is key to improving phytoremediation technologies.Lázaro MolinaAna SeguraMDPI AGarticleatmospheric pollutantspolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsheavy metalsROS productionphytohormonesP450 monooxygenasesBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2305, p 2305 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	atmospheric pollutants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons heavy metals ROS production phytohormones P450 monooxygenases Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	atmospheric pollutants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons heavy metals ROS production phytohormones P450 monooxygenases Botany QK1-989 Lázaro Molina Ana Segura Biochemical and Metabolic Plant Responses toward Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals Present in Atmospheric Pollution
description	Heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic components of atmospheric particles. These pollutants induce a wide variety of responses in plants, leading to tolerance or toxicity. Their effects on plants depend on many different environmental conditions, not only the type and concentration of contaminant, temperature or soil pH, but also on the physiological or genetic status of the plant. The main detoxification process in plants is the accumulation of the contaminant in vacuoles or cell walls. PAHs are normally transformed by enzymatic plant machinery prior to conjugation and immobilization; heavy metals are frequently chelated by some molecules, with glutathione, phytochelatins and metallothioneins being the main players in heavy metal detoxification. Besides these detoxification mechanisms, the presence of contaminants leads to the production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the dynamic of ROS production and detoxification renders different outcomes in different scenarios, from cellular death to the induction of stress resistances. ROS responses have been extensively studied; the complexity of the ROS response and the subsequent cascade of effects on phytohormones and metabolic changes, which depend on local concentrations in different organelles and on the lifetime of each ROS species, allow the plant to modulate its responses to different environmental clues. Basic knowledge of plant responses toward pollutants is key to improving phytoremediation technologies.
format	article
author	Lázaro Molina Ana Segura
author_facet	Lázaro Molina Ana Segura
author_sort	Lázaro Molina
title	Biochemical and Metabolic Plant Responses toward Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals Present in Atmospheric Pollution
title_short	Biochemical and Metabolic Plant Responses toward Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals Present in Atmospheric Pollution
title_full	Biochemical and Metabolic Plant Responses toward Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals Present in Atmospheric Pollution
title_fullStr	Biochemical and Metabolic Plant Responses toward Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals Present in Atmospheric Pollution
title_full_unstemmed	Biochemical and Metabolic Plant Responses toward Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals Present in Atmospheric Pollution
title_sort	biochemical and metabolic plant responses toward polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals present in atmospheric pollution
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/96b5f2c57c054c35aa82d24ad793d9de
work_keys_str_mv	AT lazaromolina biochemicalandmetabolicplantresponsestowardpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonsandheavymetalspresentinatmosphericpollution AT anasegura biochemicalandmetabolicplantresponsestowardpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonsandheavymetalspresentinatmosphericpollution
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Biochemical and Metabolic Plant Responses toward Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals Present in Atmospheric Pollution

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