Change in rheotactic behavior patterns of dinoflagellates in response to different microfluidic environments

Abstract Plankton live in dynamic fluid environments. Their ability to change in response to different hydrodynamic cues is critical to their energy allocation and resource uptake. This study used a microfluidic device to evaluate the rheotactic behaviors of a model dinoflagellate species, Karlodini...

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Autores principales:	Si-Wei Li, Po-Hsu Lin, Tung-Yuan Ho, Chih-hao Hsieh, Chen-li Sun
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/96ff53c55cac41e5b4ee64d9dca68241
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:96ff53c55cac41e5b4ee64d9dca682412021-12-02T16:53:11ZChange in rheotactic behavior patterns of dinoflagellates in response to different microfluidic environments10.1038/s41598-021-90622-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/96ff53c55cac41e5b4ee64d9dca682412021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90622-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Plankton live in dynamic fluid environments. Their ability to change in response to different hydrodynamic cues is critical to their energy allocation and resource uptake. This study used a microfluidic device to evaluate the rheotactic behaviors of a model dinoflagellate species, Karlodinium veneficum, in different flow conditions. Although dinoflagellates experienced forced alignment in strong shear (i.e. “trapping”), fluid straining did not play a decisive role in their rheotactic movements. Moderate hydrodynamic magnitude (20 < \|u f \| < 40 µm s−1) was found to induce an orientation heading towards an oncoming current (positive rheotaxis), as dinoflagellates switched to cross-flow swimming when flow speed exceeded 50 µm s−1. Near the sidewalls of the main channel, the steric mechanism enabled dinoflagellates to adapt upstream orientation through vertical migration. Under oscillatory flow, however, positive rheotaxis dominated with occasional diversion. The varying flow facilitated upstream exploration with directional controlling, through which dinoflagellates exhibited avoidance of both large-amplitude perturbance and very stagnant zones. In the mixed layer where water is not steady, these rheotactic responses could lead to spatial heterogeneity of dinoflagellates. The outcome of this study helps clarify the interaction between swimming behaviors of dinoflagellates and the hydrodynamic environment they reside in.Si-Wei LiPo-Hsu LinTung-Yuan HoChih-hao HsiehChen-li SunNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Si-Wei Li Po-Hsu Lin Tung-Yuan Ho Chih-hao Hsieh Chen-li Sun Change in rheotactic behavior patterns of dinoflagellates in response to different microfluidic environments
description	Abstract Plankton live in dynamic fluid environments. Their ability to change in response to different hydrodynamic cues is critical to their energy allocation and resource uptake. This study used a microfluidic device to evaluate the rheotactic behaviors of a model dinoflagellate species, Karlodinium veneficum, in different flow conditions. Although dinoflagellates experienced forced alignment in strong shear (i.e. “trapping”), fluid straining did not play a decisive role in their rheotactic movements. Moderate hydrodynamic magnitude (20 < \|u f \| < 40 µm s−1) was found to induce an orientation heading towards an oncoming current (positive rheotaxis), as dinoflagellates switched to cross-flow swimming when flow speed exceeded 50 µm s−1. Near the sidewalls of the main channel, the steric mechanism enabled dinoflagellates to adapt upstream orientation through vertical migration. Under oscillatory flow, however, positive rheotaxis dominated with occasional diversion. The varying flow facilitated upstream exploration with directional controlling, through which dinoflagellates exhibited avoidance of both large-amplitude perturbance and very stagnant zones. In the mixed layer where water is not steady, these rheotactic responses could lead to spatial heterogeneity of dinoflagellates. The outcome of this study helps clarify the interaction between swimming behaviors of dinoflagellates and the hydrodynamic environment they reside in.
format	article
author	Si-Wei Li Po-Hsu Lin Tung-Yuan Ho Chih-hao Hsieh Chen-li Sun
author_facet	Si-Wei Li Po-Hsu Lin Tung-Yuan Ho Chih-hao Hsieh Chen-li Sun
author_sort	Si-Wei Li
title	Change in rheotactic behavior patterns of dinoflagellates in response to different microfluidic environments
title_short	Change in rheotactic behavior patterns of dinoflagellates in response to different microfluidic environments
title_full	Change in rheotactic behavior patterns of dinoflagellates in response to different microfluidic environments
title_fullStr	Change in rheotactic behavior patterns of dinoflagellates in response to different microfluidic environments
title_full_unstemmed	Change in rheotactic behavior patterns of dinoflagellates in response to different microfluidic environments
title_sort	change in rheotactic behavior patterns of dinoflagellates in response to different microfluidic environments
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/96ff53c55cac41e5b4ee64d9dca68241
work_keys_str_mv	AT siweili changeinrheotacticbehaviorpatternsofdinoflagellatesinresponsetodifferentmicrofluidicenvironments AT pohsulin changeinrheotacticbehaviorpatternsofdinoflagellatesinresponsetodifferentmicrofluidicenvironments AT tungyuanho changeinrheotacticbehaviorpatternsofdinoflagellatesinresponsetodifferentmicrofluidicenvironments AT chihhaohsieh changeinrheotacticbehaviorpatternsofdinoflagellatesinresponsetodifferentmicrofluidicenvironments AT chenlisun changeinrheotacticbehaviorpatternsofdinoflagellatesinresponsetodifferentmicrofluidicenvironments
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Change in rheotactic behavior patterns of dinoflagellates in response to different microfluidic environments

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