Layer-Averaged Water Temperature Sensing in a Lake by Acoustic Tomography with a Focus on the Inversion Stratification Mechanism

Continuous sensing of water parameters is of great importance to fluid dynamic progress study in oceans, coastal areas and inland waters. The acoustic tomography technique can perform water temperature field measurements horizontally and vertically using sound wave travel information. The layer-aver...

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Autores principales:	Shijie Xu, Zhao Xue, Xinyi Xie, Haocai Huang, Guangming Li
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	coastal acoustic tomography vertical slice inversion multi-path arrival identification stratification mechanism water temperature observation inversion error analysis Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9702a3dad916486ca59af3e08bf77abb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9702a3dad916486ca59af3e08bf77abb2021-11-25T18:56:31ZLayer-Averaged Water Temperature Sensing in a Lake by Acoustic Tomography with a Focus on the Inversion Stratification Mechanism10.3390/s212274481424-8220https://doaj.org/article/9702a3dad916486ca59af3e08bf77abb2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7448https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220Continuous sensing of water parameters is of great importance to fluid dynamic progress study in oceans, coastal areas and inland waters. The acoustic tomography technique can perform water temperature field measurements horizontally and vertically using sound wave travel information. The layer-averaged water temperature can also be measured with the acoustic tomography method. However, investigations focusing on the stratified mechanism, which consists of stratification form and its influence on inversion error, are seldom performed. In this study, an acoustic tomography experiment was carried out in a reservoir along two vertical slices to observe the layer-averaged water temperature. Specifically, multi-path sound travel information is identified through ray tracing using high-precision topography data obtained via a ship-mounted ADCP during the experiment. Vertical slices between sound stations are divided into different layers to study layer division inversion methods in different preset types. The inversion method is used to calculate the average water temperature and inversion temperature error of every layer. Different layer methods are studied with a comparison of results. The layer division principle studied in this paper can be used for layer-averaged water temperature sensing with multi-path sound transmission information.Shijie XuZhao XueXinyi XieHaocai HuangGuangming LiMDPI AGarticlecoastal acoustic tomographyvertical slice inversionmulti-path arrival identificationstratification mechanismwater temperature observationinversion error analysisChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7448, p 7448 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	coastal acoustic tomography vertical slice inversion multi-path arrival identification stratification mechanism water temperature observation inversion error analysis Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	coastal acoustic tomography vertical slice inversion multi-path arrival identification stratification mechanism water temperature observation inversion error analysis Chemical technology TP1-1185 Shijie Xu Zhao Xue Xinyi Xie Haocai Huang Guangming Li Layer-Averaged Water Temperature Sensing in a Lake by Acoustic Tomography with a Focus on the Inversion Stratification Mechanism
description	Continuous sensing of water parameters is of great importance to fluid dynamic progress study in oceans, coastal areas and inland waters. The acoustic tomography technique can perform water temperature field measurements horizontally and vertically using sound wave travel information. The layer-averaged water temperature can also be measured with the acoustic tomography method. However, investigations focusing on the stratified mechanism, which consists of stratification form and its influence on inversion error, are seldom performed. In this study, an acoustic tomography experiment was carried out in a reservoir along two vertical slices to observe the layer-averaged water temperature. Specifically, multi-path sound travel information is identified through ray tracing using high-precision topography data obtained via a ship-mounted ADCP during the experiment. Vertical slices between sound stations are divided into different layers to study layer division inversion methods in different preset types. The inversion method is used to calculate the average water temperature and inversion temperature error of every layer. Different layer methods are studied with a comparison of results. The layer division principle studied in this paper can be used for layer-averaged water temperature sensing with multi-path sound transmission information.
format	article
author	Shijie Xu Zhao Xue Xinyi Xie Haocai Huang Guangming Li
author_facet	Shijie Xu Zhao Xue Xinyi Xie Haocai Huang Guangming Li
author_sort	Shijie Xu
title	Layer-Averaged Water Temperature Sensing in a Lake by Acoustic Tomography with a Focus on the Inversion Stratification Mechanism
title_short	Layer-Averaged Water Temperature Sensing in a Lake by Acoustic Tomography with a Focus on the Inversion Stratification Mechanism
title_full	Layer-Averaged Water Temperature Sensing in a Lake by Acoustic Tomography with a Focus on the Inversion Stratification Mechanism
title_fullStr	Layer-Averaged Water Temperature Sensing in a Lake by Acoustic Tomography with a Focus on the Inversion Stratification Mechanism
title_full_unstemmed	Layer-Averaged Water Temperature Sensing in a Lake by Acoustic Tomography with a Focus on the Inversion Stratification Mechanism
title_sort	layer-averaged water temperature sensing in a lake by acoustic tomography with a focus on the inversion stratification mechanism
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9702a3dad916486ca59af3e08bf77abb
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Layer-Averaged Water Temperature Sensing in a Lake by Acoustic Tomography with a Focus on the Inversion Stratification Mechanism

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