The Occurrence of Heavy Air Pollution during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Beijing, China: Roles of Emission Reduction, Meteorological Conditions, and Regional Transport
To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and mitigate the epidemic risk, strict lockdown measures were implemented in Beijing during the quarantine period, significantly reducing human activities. However, severe air pollution episodes occurred frequently in Beijing. To explore the oc...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:97057b7e9ddf4ce3abcbb184c83accf12021-11-11T19:51:18ZThe Occurrence of Heavy Air Pollution during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Beijing, China: Roles of Emission Reduction, Meteorological Conditions, and Regional Transport10.3390/su1321123122071-1050https://doaj.org/article/97057b7e9ddf4ce3abcbb184c83accf12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/12312https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and mitigate the epidemic risk, strict lockdown measures were implemented in Beijing during the quarantine period, significantly reducing human activities. However, severe air pollution episodes occurred frequently in Beijing. To explore the occurrence of severe air pollution during the quarantine period, the impacts of emission reductions, meteorological conditions, and regional transport on heavy air pollution were individually evaluated using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Observations showed that the more unfavorable meteorological conditions which occurred during the pandemic as compared to the corresponding 2019 levels, including higher temperature, relative humidity, and frequency of strong southerly winds, and lower HPBL, led to an increase in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations. The model results also showed that the meteorological conditions in February 2020 favored PM<sub>2.5</sub> formation. The PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were mainly dominated by regional transport, which became more significant in the quarantine period than in 2019, suggesting the importance of joint control on regional sources for reducing heavy air pollution. This study highlights that, although the emissions in Beijing and surrounding regions were largely reduced during the quarantine period, severe air pollution in Beijing did not reduce due to the unfavorable meteorological conditions.Xiao YanAijun ShiJingyuan CaoTingting LiXuesong SunRui ZhangXionghui QiuYanxue LiMiao LiangMiao LvChunlan LiuJing WeiMDPI AGarticleheavy air pollutionCOVID-19meteorological conditionsregional transportEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12312, p 12312 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
heavy air pollution COVID-19 meteorological conditions regional transport Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
| spellingShingle |
heavy air pollution COVID-19 meteorological conditions regional transport Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Xiao Yan Aijun Shi Jingyuan Cao Tingting Li Xuesong Sun Rui Zhang Xionghui Qiu Yanxue Li Miao Liang Miao Lv Chunlan Liu Jing Wei The Occurrence of Heavy Air Pollution during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Beijing, China: Roles of Emission Reduction, Meteorological Conditions, and Regional Transport |
| description |
To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and mitigate the epidemic risk, strict lockdown measures were implemented in Beijing during the quarantine period, significantly reducing human activities. However, severe air pollution episodes occurred frequently in Beijing. To explore the occurrence of severe air pollution during the quarantine period, the impacts of emission reductions, meteorological conditions, and regional transport on heavy air pollution were individually evaluated using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Observations showed that the more unfavorable meteorological conditions which occurred during the pandemic as compared to the corresponding 2019 levels, including higher temperature, relative humidity, and frequency of strong southerly winds, and lower HPBL, led to an increase in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations. The model results also showed that the meteorological conditions in February 2020 favored PM<sub>2.5</sub> formation. The PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were mainly dominated by regional transport, which became more significant in the quarantine period than in 2019, suggesting the importance of joint control on regional sources for reducing heavy air pollution. This study highlights that, although the emissions in Beijing and surrounding regions were largely reduced during the quarantine period, severe air pollution in Beijing did not reduce due to the unfavorable meteorological conditions. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Xiao Yan Aijun Shi Jingyuan Cao Tingting Li Xuesong Sun Rui Zhang Xionghui Qiu Yanxue Li Miao Liang Miao Lv Chunlan Liu Jing Wei |
| author_facet |
Xiao Yan Aijun Shi Jingyuan Cao Tingting Li Xuesong Sun Rui Zhang Xionghui Qiu Yanxue Li Miao Liang Miao Lv Chunlan Liu Jing Wei |
| author_sort |
Xiao Yan |
| title |
The Occurrence of Heavy Air Pollution during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Beijing, China: Roles of Emission Reduction, Meteorological Conditions, and Regional Transport |
| title_short |
The Occurrence of Heavy Air Pollution during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Beijing, China: Roles of Emission Reduction, Meteorological Conditions, and Regional Transport |
| title_full |
The Occurrence of Heavy Air Pollution during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Beijing, China: Roles of Emission Reduction, Meteorological Conditions, and Regional Transport |
| title_fullStr |
The Occurrence of Heavy Air Pollution during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Beijing, China: Roles of Emission Reduction, Meteorological Conditions, and Regional Transport |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Occurrence of Heavy Air Pollution during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Beijing, China: Roles of Emission Reduction, Meteorological Conditions, and Regional Transport |
| title_sort |
occurrence of heavy air pollution during the covid-19 outbreak in beijing, china: roles of emission reduction, meteorological conditions, and regional transport |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/97057b7e9ddf4ce3abcbb184c83accf1 |
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