Aggregation of sea urchin phagocytes is augmented in vitro by lipopolysaccharide.

Development of protocols and media for culturing immune cells from marine invertebrates has not kept pace with advancements in mammalian immune cell culture, the latter having been driven by the need to understand the causes of and develop therapies for human and animal diseases. However, expansion...

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Autores principales:	Audrey J Majeske, Christopher J Bayne, L Courtney Smith
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/97059a1d00ad42ef98b9c5d8e282193d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:97059a1d00ad42ef98b9c5d8e282193d2021-11-18T07:49:06ZAggregation of sea urchin phagocytes is augmented in vitro by lipopolysaccharide.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0061419https://doaj.org/article/97059a1d00ad42ef98b9c5d8e282193d2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23613847/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Development of protocols and media for culturing immune cells from marine invertebrates has not kept pace with advancements in mammalian immune cell culture, the latter having been driven by the need to understand the causes of and develop therapies for human and animal diseases. However, expansion of the aquaculture industry and the diseases that threaten these systems creates the need to develop cell and tissue culture methods for marine invertebrates. Such methods will enable us to better understand the causes of disease outbreaks and to develop means to avoid and remedy epidemics. We report a method for the short-term culture of phagocytes from the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, by modifying an approach previously used to culture cells from another sea urchin species. The viability of cultured phagocytes from the purple sea urchin decreases from 91.6% to 57% over six days and phagocyte morphology changes from single cells to aggregates leading to the formation of syncytia-like structures. This process is accelerated in the presence of lipopolysaccharide suggesting that phagocytes are capable of detecting this molecular pattern in culture conditions. Sea urchin immune response proteins, called Sp185/333, are expressed on the surface of a subset of phagocytes and have been associated with syncytia-like structures. We evaluated their expression in cultured phagocytes to determine their possible role in cell aggregation and in the formation of syncytia-like structures. Between 0 and 3 hr, syncytia-like structures were observed in cultures when only ~10% of the cells were positive for Sp185/333 proteins. At 24 hr, ~90% of the nuclei were Sp185/333-positive when all of the phagocytes had aggregated into syncytia-like structures. Consequently, we conclude that the Sp185/333 proteins do not have a major role in initiating the aggregation of cultured phagocytes, however the Sp185/333 proteins are associated with the clustered nuclei within the syncytia-like structures.Audrey J MajeskeChristopher J BayneL Courtney SmithPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 4, p e61419 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Audrey J Majeske Christopher J Bayne L Courtney Smith Aggregation of sea urchin phagocytes is augmented in vitro by lipopolysaccharide.
description	Development of protocols and media for culturing immune cells from marine invertebrates has not kept pace with advancements in mammalian immune cell culture, the latter having been driven by the need to understand the causes of and develop therapies for human and animal diseases. However, expansion of the aquaculture industry and the diseases that threaten these systems creates the need to develop cell and tissue culture methods for marine invertebrates. Such methods will enable us to better understand the causes of disease outbreaks and to develop means to avoid and remedy epidemics. We report a method for the short-term culture of phagocytes from the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, by modifying an approach previously used to culture cells from another sea urchin species. The viability of cultured phagocytes from the purple sea urchin decreases from 91.6% to 57% over six days and phagocyte morphology changes from single cells to aggregates leading to the formation of syncytia-like structures. This process is accelerated in the presence of lipopolysaccharide suggesting that phagocytes are capable of detecting this molecular pattern in culture conditions. Sea urchin immune response proteins, called Sp185/333, are expressed on the surface of a subset of phagocytes and have been associated with syncytia-like structures. We evaluated their expression in cultured phagocytes to determine their possible role in cell aggregation and in the formation of syncytia-like structures. Between 0 and 3 hr, syncytia-like structures were observed in cultures when only ~10% of the cells were positive for Sp185/333 proteins. At 24 hr, ~90% of the nuclei were Sp185/333-positive when all of the phagocytes had aggregated into syncytia-like structures. Consequently, we conclude that the Sp185/333 proteins do not have a major role in initiating the aggregation of cultured phagocytes, however the Sp185/333 proteins are associated with the clustered nuclei within the syncytia-like structures.
format	article
author	Audrey J Majeske Christopher J Bayne L Courtney Smith
author_facet	Audrey J Majeske Christopher J Bayne L Courtney Smith
author_sort	Audrey J Majeske
title	Aggregation of sea urchin phagocytes is augmented in vitro by lipopolysaccharide.
title_short	Aggregation of sea urchin phagocytes is augmented in vitro by lipopolysaccharide.
title_full	Aggregation of sea urchin phagocytes is augmented in vitro by lipopolysaccharide.
title_fullStr	Aggregation of sea urchin phagocytes is augmented in vitro by lipopolysaccharide.
title_full_unstemmed	Aggregation of sea urchin phagocytes is augmented in vitro by lipopolysaccharide.
title_sort	aggregation of sea urchin phagocytes is augmented in vitro by lipopolysaccharide.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/97059a1d00ad42ef98b9c5d8e282193d
work_keys_str_mv	AT audreyjmajeske aggregationofseaurchinphagocytesisaugmentedinvitrobylipopolysaccharide AT christopherjbayne aggregationofseaurchinphagocytesisaugmentedinvitrobylipopolysaccharide AT lcourtneysmith aggregationofseaurchinphagocytesisaugmentedinvitrobylipopolysaccharide
_version_	1718422926510784512

Aggregation of sea urchin phagocytes is augmented in vitro by lipopolysaccharide.

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