Domestic and international mobility trends in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of facebook data

Abstract Background Since early March 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic across the United Kingdom has led to a range of social distancing policies, which resulted in changes to mobility across different regions. An understanding of how these policies impacted travel patterns over time and at different spa...

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Autores principales:	Harry E. R. Shepherd, Florence S. Atherden, Ho Man Theophilus Chan, Alexandra Loveridge, Andrew J. Tatem
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	COVID-19 Human mobility Facebook Travel patterns Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics R858-859.7
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9711d4a9ee734386b72a84ac021bfa8d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9711d4a9ee734386b72a84ac021bfa8d2021-12-05T12:17:41ZDomestic and international mobility trends in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of facebook data10.1186/s12942-021-00299-51476-072Xhttps://doaj.org/article/9711d4a9ee734386b72a84ac021bfa8d2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-021-00299-5https://doaj.org/toc/1476-072XAbstract Background Since early March 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic across the United Kingdom has led to a range of social distancing policies, which resulted in changes to mobility across different regions. An understanding of how these policies impacted travel patterns over time and at different spatial scales is important for designing effective strategies, future pandemic planning and in providing broader insights on the population geography of the country. Crowd level data on mobile phone usage can be used as a proxy for population mobility patterns and provide a way of quantifying in near-real time the impact of social distancing measures on changes in mobility. Methods Here we explore patterns of change in densities, domestic and international flows and co-location of Facebook users in the UK from March 2020 to March 2021. Results We find substantial heterogeneities across time and region, with large changes observed compared to pre-pademic patterns. The impacts of periods of lockdown on distances travelled and flow volumes are evident, with each showing variations, but some significant reductions in co-location rates. Clear differences in multiple metrics of mobility are seen in central London compared to the rest of the UK, with each of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland showing significant deviations from England at times. Moreover, the impacts of rapid changes in rules on international travel to and from the UK are seen in substantial fluctuations in traveller volumes by destination. Conclusions While questions remain about the representativeness of the Facebook data, previous studies have shown strong correspondence with census-based data and alternative mobility measures, suggesting that findings here are valuable for guiding strategies.Harry E. R. ShepherdFlorence S. AtherdenHo Man Theophilus ChanAlexandra LoveridgeAndrew J. TatemBMCarticleCOVID-19Human mobilityFacebookTravel patternsComputer applications to medicine. Medical informaticsR858-859.7ENInternational Journal of Health Geographics, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	COVID-19 Human mobility Facebook Travel patterns Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics R858-859.7
spellingShingle	COVID-19 Human mobility Facebook Travel patterns Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics R858-859.7 Harry E. R. Shepherd Florence S. Atherden Ho Man Theophilus Chan Alexandra Loveridge Andrew J. Tatem Domestic and international mobility trends in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of facebook data
description	Abstract Background Since early March 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic across the United Kingdom has led to a range of social distancing policies, which resulted in changes to mobility across different regions. An understanding of how these policies impacted travel patterns over time and at different spatial scales is important for designing effective strategies, future pandemic planning and in providing broader insights on the population geography of the country. Crowd level data on mobile phone usage can be used as a proxy for population mobility patterns and provide a way of quantifying in near-real time the impact of social distancing measures on changes in mobility. Methods Here we explore patterns of change in densities, domestic and international flows and co-location of Facebook users in the UK from March 2020 to March 2021. Results We find substantial heterogeneities across time and region, with large changes observed compared to pre-pademic patterns. The impacts of periods of lockdown on distances travelled and flow volumes are evident, with each showing variations, but some significant reductions in co-location rates. Clear differences in multiple metrics of mobility are seen in central London compared to the rest of the UK, with each of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland showing significant deviations from England at times. Moreover, the impacts of rapid changes in rules on international travel to and from the UK are seen in substantial fluctuations in traveller volumes by destination. Conclusions While questions remain about the representativeness of the Facebook data, previous studies have shown strong correspondence with census-based data and alternative mobility measures, suggesting that findings here are valuable for guiding strategies.
format	article
author	Harry E. R. Shepherd Florence S. Atherden Ho Man Theophilus Chan Alexandra Loveridge Andrew J. Tatem
author_facet	Harry E. R. Shepherd Florence S. Atherden Ho Man Theophilus Chan Alexandra Loveridge Andrew J. Tatem
author_sort	Harry E. R. Shepherd
title	Domestic and international mobility trends in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of facebook data
title_short	Domestic and international mobility trends in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of facebook data
title_full	Domestic and international mobility trends in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of facebook data
title_fullStr	Domestic and international mobility trends in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of facebook data
title_full_unstemmed	Domestic and international mobility trends in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of facebook data
title_sort	domestic and international mobility trends in the united kingdom during the covid-19 pandemic: an analysis of facebook data
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9711d4a9ee734386b72a84ac021bfa8d
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Domestic and international mobility trends in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of facebook data

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