Hierarchical Clustering for Paired Watershed Experiments: Case Study in Southeastern Arizona, U.S.A.

Watershed studies are often onerous due to a lack of data available to portray baseline conditions with which to compare results of monitoring environmental effects. A paired-watershed approach is often adopted to simulate baseline conditions in an adjacent watershed that can be comparable but assum...

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Autores principales:	Roy E. Petrakis, Laura M. Norman, Kurt Vaughn, Richard Pritzlaff, Caleb Weaver, Audrey Rader, H. Ronald Pulliam
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	watershed pairing watershed restoration hierarchical clustering spatial database development correlation analysis Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9734a49180084ac8a3af5e5e96e56090
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:9734a49180084ac8a3af5e5e96e56090
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9734a49180084ac8a3af5e5e96e560902021-11-11T19:52:35ZHierarchical Clustering for Paired Watershed Experiments: Case Study in Southeastern Arizona, U.S.A.10.3390/w132129552073-4441https://doaj.org/article/9734a49180084ac8a3af5e5e96e560902021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/2955https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441Watershed studies are often onerous due to a lack of data available to portray baseline conditions with which to compare results of monitoring environmental effects. A paired-watershed approach is often adopted to simulate baseline conditions in an adjacent watershed that can be comparable but assumes there is a quantifiable relationship between the control and treated watersheds. Finding suitably matched pairs that can most accurately depict similar responses is challenging and attributes are rarely quantified. In southeastern Arizona, United States, researchers are investigating the effectiveness of watershed restoration techniques employed by land managers. We selected Smith Canyon to develop a rigorous and quantitatively defensible paired-watershed experimental design. The Smith Canyon watershed consists of 91 structurally similar sub-basins that have a defined basin-like structure and flow channel, allowing for consideration as replicate units. We developed a statistical approach to group sub-basins based on similar structural, biophysical, and hydrologic traits. Our geospatial database consisted of 35 environmental variables, which we reduced to 12 through a correlation analysis. We identified three primary collections of paired sub-basins within the larger watershed. These clusters are being used to inform studies actively being employed in the watershed. Overall, we propose a hierarchical clustering protocol for justification of watershed pairing experiments.Roy E. PetrakisLaura M. NormanKurt VaughnRichard PritzlaffCaleb WeaverAudrey RaderH. Ronald PulliamMDPI AGarticlewatershed pairingwatershed restorationhierarchical clusteringspatial database developmentcorrelation analysisHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 2955, p 2955 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	watershed pairing watershed restoration hierarchical clustering spatial database development correlation analysis Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	watershed pairing watershed restoration hierarchical clustering spatial database development correlation analysis Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Roy E. Petrakis Laura M. Norman Kurt Vaughn Richard Pritzlaff Caleb Weaver Audrey Rader H. Ronald Pulliam Hierarchical Clustering for Paired Watershed Experiments: Case Study in Southeastern Arizona, U.S.A.
description	Watershed studies are often onerous due to a lack of data available to portray baseline conditions with which to compare results of monitoring environmental effects. A paired-watershed approach is often adopted to simulate baseline conditions in an adjacent watershed that can be comparable but assumes there is a quantifiable relationship between the control and treated watersheds. Finding suitably matched pairs that can most accurately depict similar responses is challenging and attributes are rarely quantified. In southeastern Arizona, United States, researchers are investigating the effectiveness of watershed restoration techniques employed by land managers. We selected Smith Canyon to develop a rigorous and quantitatively defensible paired-watershed experimental design. The Smith Canyon watershed consists of 91 structurally similar sub-basins that have a defined basin-like structure and flow channel, allowing for consideration as replicate units. We developed a statistical approach to group sub-basins based on similar structural, biophysical, and hydrologic traits. Our geospatial database consisted of 35 environmental variables, which we reduced to 12 through a correlation analysis. We identified three primary collections of paired sub-basins within the larger watershed. These clusters are being used to inform studies actively being employed in the watershed. Overall, we propose a hierarchical clustering protocol for justification of watershed pairing experiments.
format	article
author	Roy E. Petrakis Laura M. Norman Kurt Vaughn Richard Pritzlaff Caleb Weaver Audrey Rader H. Ronald Pulliam
author_facet	Roy E. Petrakis Laura M. Norman Kurt Vaughn Richard Pritzlaff Caleb Weaver Audrey Rader H. Ronald Pulliam
author_sort	Roy E. Petrakis
title	Hierarchical Clustering for Paired Watershed Experiments: Case Study in Southeastern Arizona, U.S.A.
title_short	Hierarchical Clustering for Paired Watershed Experiments: Case Study in Southeastern Arizona, U.S.A.
title_full	Hierarchical Clustering for Paired Watershed Experiments: Case Study in Southeastern Arizona, U.S.A.
title_fullStr	Hierarchical Clustering for Paired Watershed Experiments: Case Study in Southeastern Arizona, U.S.A.
title_full_unstemmed	Hierarchical Clustering for Paired Watershed Experiments: Case Study in Southeastern Arizona, U.S.A.
title_sort	hierarchical clustering for paired watershed experiments: case study in southeastern arizona, u.s.a.
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9734a49180084ac8a3af5e5e96e56090
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Hierarchical Clustering for Paired Watershed Experiments: Case Study in Southeastern Arizona, U.S.A.

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