Stochasticity in host-parasitoid models informs mechanisms regulating population dynamics

Abstract Population dynamics of host-parasitoid interactions have been traditionally studied using a discrete-time formalism starting from the classical work of Nicholson and Bailey. It is well known that differences in parasitism risk among individual hosts can stabilize the otherwise unstable equi...

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Autor principal:	Abhyudai Singh
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9741b2f075674f739508e07d7336712d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9741b2f075674f739508e07d7336712d2021-12-02T16:45:40ZStochasticity in host-parasitoid models informs mechanisms regulating population dynamics10.1038/s41598-021-96212-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9741b2f075674f739508e07d7336712d2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96212-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Population dynamics of host-parasitoid interactions have been traditionally studied using a discrete-time formalism starting from the classical work of Nicholson and Bailey. It is well known that differences in parasitism risk among individual hosts can stabilize the otherwise unstable equilibrium of the Nicholson-Bailey model. Here, we consider a stochastic formulation of these discrete-time models, where the host reproduction is a random variable that varies from year to year and drives fluctuations in population densities. Interestingly, our analysis reveals that there exists an optimal level of heterogeneity in parasitism risk that minimizes the extent of fluctuations in the host population density. Intuitively, low variation in parasitism risk drives large fluctuations in the host population density as the system is on the edge of stability. In contrast, high variation in parasitism risk makes the host equilibrium sensitive to the host reproduction rate, also leading to large fluctuations in the population density. Further results show that the correlation between the adult host and parasitoid densities is high for the same year, and gradually decays to zero as one considers cross-species correlations across different years. We next consider an alternative mechanism of stabilizing host-parasitoid population dynamics based on a Type III functional response, where the parasitoid attack rate accelerates with increasing host density. Intriguingly, this nonlinear functional response makes qualitatively different correlation signatures than those seen with heterogeneity in parasitism risk. In particular, a Type III functional response leads to uncorrelated adult and parasitoid densities in the same year, but high cross-species correlation across successive years. In summary, these results argue that the cross-correlation function between population densities contains signatures for uncovering mechanisms that stabilize consumer-resource population dynamics.Abhyudai SinghNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Abhyudai Singh Stochasticity in host-parasitoid models informs mechanisms regulating population dynamics
description	Abstract Population dynamics of host-parasitoid interactions have been traditionally studied using a discrete-time formalism starting from the classical work of Nicholson and Bailey. It is well known that differences in parasitism risk among individual hosts can stabilize the otherwise unstable equilibrium of the Nicholson-Bailey model. Here, we consider a stochastic formulation of these discrete-time models, where the host reproduction is a random variable that varies from year to year and drives fluctuations in population densities. Interestingly, our analysis reveals that there exists an optimal level of heterogeneity in parasitism risk that minimizes the extent of fluctuations in the host population density. Intuitively, low variation in parasitism risk drives large fluctuations in the host population density as the system is on the edge of stability. In contrast, high variation in parasitism risk makes the host equilibrium sensitive to the host reproduction rate, also leading to large fluctuations in the population density. Further results show that the correlation between the adult host and parasitoid densities is high for the same year, and gradually decays to zero as one considers cross-species correlations across different years. We next consider an alternative mechanism of stabilizing host-parasitoid population dynamics based on a Type III functional response, where the parasitoid attack rate accelerates with increasing host density. Intriguingly, this nonlinear functional response makes qualitatively different correlation signatures than those seen with heterogeneity in parasitism risk. In particular, a Type III functional response leads to uncorrelated adult and parasitoid densities in the same year, but high cross-species correlation across successive years. In summary, these results argue that the cross-correlation function between population densities contains signatures for uncovering mechanisms that stabilize consumer-resource population dynamics.
format	article
author	Abhyudai Singh
author_facet	Abhyudai Singh
author_sort	Abhyudai Singh
title	Stochasticity in host-parasitoid models informs mechanisms regulating population dynamics
title_short	Stochasticity in host-parasitoid models informs mechanisms regulating population dynamics
title_full	Stochasticity in host-parasitoid models informs mechanisms regulating population dynamics
title_fullStr	Stochasticity in host-parasitoid models informs mechanisms regulating population dynamics
title_full_unstemmed	Stochasticity in host-parasitoid models informs mechanisms regulating population dynamics
title_sort	stochasticity in host-parasitoid models informs mechanisms regulating population dynamics
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9741b2f075674f739508e07d7336712d
work_keys_str_mv	AT abhyudaisingh stochasticityinhostparasitoidmodelsinformsmechanismsregulatingpopulationdynamics
_version_	1718383467692032000

Stochasticity in host-parasitoid models informs mechanisms regulating population dynamics

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