Molecular Mechanisms of Hypertensive Nephropathy: Renoprotective Effect of Losartan through Hsp70

Hypertensive nephrosclerosis is the second most common cause of end-stage renal disease after diabetes. For years, hypertensive kidney disease has been focused on the afferent arterioles and glomeruli damage and the involvement of the renin angiotensin system (RAS). Nonetheless, in recent years, nov...

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Autores principales:	Valeria Victoria Costantino, Andrea Fernanda Gil Lorenzo, Victoria Bocanegra, Patricia G. Vallés
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	hypertension nephrosclerosis epithelial–mesenchymal transition Hsp70 chaperone proximal tubule epithelial cells Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/977416c478684c7f947e7b2f417af569
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:977416c478684c7f947e7b2f417af5692021-11-25T17:11:57ZMolecular Mechanisms of Hypertensive Nephropathy: Renoprotective Effect of Losartan through Hsp7010.3390/cells101131462073-4409https://doaj.org/article/977416c478684c7f947e7b2f417af5692021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/3146https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409Hypertensive nephrosclerosis is the second most common cause of end-stage renal disease after diabetes. For years, hypertensive kidney disease has been focused on the afferent arterioles and glomeruli damage and the involvement of the renin angiotensin system (RAS). Nonetheless, in recent years, novel evidence has demonstrated that persistent high blood pressure injures tubular cells, leading to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Injury primarily determined at the glomerular level by hypertension causes changes in post-glomerular peritubular capillaries that in turn induce endothelial damage and hypoxia. Microvasculature dysfunction, by inducing hypoxic environment, triggers inflammation, EMT with epithelial cells dedifferentiation and fibrosis. Hypertensive kidney disease also includes podocyte effacement and loss, leading to disruption of the filtration barrier. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms and histologic aspects involved in the pathophysiology of hypertensive kidney disease incorporating knowledge about EMT and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The role of the Hsp70 chaperone on the angiotensin II–induced EMT after angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT<sub>1</sub>R) blockage, as a possible molecular target for therapeutic strategy against hypertensive renal damage is discussed.Valeria Victoria CostantinoAndrea Fernanda Gil LorenzoVictoria BocanegraPatricia G. VallésMDPI AGarticlehypertensionnephrosclerosisepithelial–mesenchymal transitionHsp70 chaperoneproximal tubule epithelial cellsBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 3146, p 3146 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hypertension nephrosclerosis epithelial–mesenchymal transition Hsp70 chaperone proximal tubule epithelial cells Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	hypertension nephrosclerosis epithelial–mesenchymal transition Hsp70 chaperone proximal tubule epithelial cells Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Valeria Victoria Costantino Andrea Fernanda Gil Lorenzo Victoria Bocanegra Patricia G. Vallés Molecular Mechanisms of Hypertensive Nephropathy: Renoprotective Effect of Losartan through Hsp70
description	Hypertensive nephrosclerosis is the second most common cause of end-stage renal disease after diabetes. For years, hypertensive kidney disease has been focused on the afferent arterioles and glomeruli damage and the involvement of the renin angiotensin system (RAS). Nonetheless, in recent years, novel evidence has demonstrated that persistent high blood pressure injures tubular cells, leading to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Injury primarily determined at the glomerular level by hypertension causes changes in post-glomerular peritubular capillaries that in turn induce endothelial damage and hypoxia. Microvasculature dysfunction, by inducing hypoxic environment, triggers inflammation, EMT with epithelial cells dedifferentiation and fibrosis. Hypertensive kidney disease also includes podocyte effacement and loss, leading to disruption of the filtration barrier. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms and histologic aspects involved in the pathophysiology of hypertensive kidney disease incorporating knowledge about EMT and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The role of the Hsp70 chaperone on the angiotensin II–induced EMT after angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT<sub>1</sub>R) blockage, as a possible molecular target for therapeutic strategy against hypertensive renal damage is discussed.
format	article
author	Valeria Victoria Costantino Andrea Fernanda Gil Lorenzo Victoria Bocanegra Patricia G. Vallés
author_facet	Valeria Victoria Costantino Andrea Fernanda Gil Lorenzo Victoria Bocanegra Patricia G. Vallés
author_sort	Valeria Victoria Costantino
title	Molecular Mechanisms of Hypertensive Nephropathy: Renoprotective Effect of Losartan through Hsp70
title_short	Molecular Mechanisms of Hypertensive Nephropathy: Renoprotective Effect of Losartan through Hsp70
title_full	Molecular Mechanisms of Hypertensive Nephropathy: Renoprotective Effect of Losartan through Hsp70
title_fullStr	Molecular Mechanisms of Hypertensive Nephropathy: Renoprotective Effect of Losartan through Hsp70
title_full_unstemmed	Molecular Mechanisms of Hypertensive Nephropathy: Renoprotective Effect of Losartan through Hsp70
title_sort	molecular mechanisms of hypertensive nephropathy: renoprotective effect of losartan through hsp70
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/977416c478684c7f947e7b2f417af569
work_keys_str_mv	AT valeriavictoriacostantino molecularmechanismsofhypertensivenephropathyrenoprotectiveeffectoflosartanthroughhsp70 AT andreafernandagillorenzo molecularmechanismsofhypertensivenephropathyrenoprotectiveeffectoflosartanthroughhsp70 AT victoriabocanegra molecularmechanismsofhypertensivenephropathyrenoprotectiveeffectoflosartanthroughhsp70 AT patriciagvalles molecularmechanismsofhypertensivenephropathyrenoprotectiveeffectoflosartanthroughhsp70
_version_	1718412667067039744

Molecular Mechanisms of Hypertensive Nephropathy: Renoprotective Effect of Losartan through Hsp70

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