Spatio-temporal distribution of dengue and lymphatic filariasis vectors along an altitudinal transect in Central Nepal.

<h4>Background</h4>Rapidly increasing temperatures in the mountain region of Nepal and recent reports of dengue fever and lymphatic filariasis cases from mountainous areas of central Nepal prompted us to study the spatio-temporal distribution of the vectors of these two diseases along an...

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Autores principales:	Meghnath Dhimal, Ishan Gautam, Aljoscha Kreß, Ruth Müller, Ulrich Kuch
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9778b7b13ef7408fb2c76e7c6f11f4e6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9778b7b13ef7408fb2c76e7c6f11f4e62021-11-25T06:32:19ZSpatio-temporal distribution of dengue and lymphatic filariasis vectors along an altitudinal transect in Central Nepal.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0003035https://doaj.org/article/9778b7b13ef7408fb2c76e7c6f11f4e62014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25078276/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735<h4>Background</h4>Rapidly increasing temperatures in the mountain region of Nepal and recent reports of dengue fever and lymphatic filariasis cases from mountainous areas of central Nepal prompted us to study the spatio-temporal distribution of the vectors of these two diseases along an altitudinal transect in central Nepal.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We conducted a longitudinal study in four distinct physiographical regions of central Nepal from September 2011 to February 2012. We used BG-Sentinel and CDC light traps to capture adult mosquitoes. We found the geographical distribution of the dengue virus vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus along our study transect to extend up to 1,310 m altitude in the Middle Mountain region (Kathmandu). The distribution of the lymphatic filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus extended up to at least 2,100 m in the High Mountain region (Dhunche). Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of the physiographical region and month of collection on the abundance of A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus only. BG-Sentinel traps captured significantly higher numbers of A. aegypti than CDC light traps. The meteorological factors temperature, rainfall and relative humidity had significant effects on the mean number of A. aegypti per BG-Sentinel trap. Temperature and relative humidity were significant predictors of the number of C. quinquefasciatus per CDC light trap. Dengue fever and lymphatic filariasis cases had previously been reported from all vector positive areas except Dhunche which was free of known lymphatic filariasis cases.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>We conclude that dengue virus vectors have already established stable populations up to the Middle Mountains of Nepal, supporting previous studies, and report for the first time the distribution of lymphatic filariasis vectors up to the High Mountain region of this country. The findings of our study should contribute to a better planning and scaling-up of mosquito-borne disease control programmes in the mountainous areas of Nepal.Meghnath DhimalIshan GautamAljoscha KreßRuth MüllerUlrich KuchPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 8, Iss 7, p e3035 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Meghnath Dhimal Ishan Gautam Aljoscha Kreß Ruth Müller Ulrich Kuch Spatio-temporal distribution of dengue and lymphatic filariasis vectors along an altitudinal transect in Central Nepal.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Rapidly increasing temperatures in the mountain region of Nepal and recent reports of dengue fever and lymphatic filariasis cases from mountainous areas of central Nepal prompted us to study the spatio-temporal distribution of the vectors of these two diseases along an altitudinal transect in central Nepal.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We conducted a longitudinal study in four distinct physiographical regions of central Nepal from September 2011 to February 2012. We used BG-Sentinel and CDC light traps to capture adult mosquitoes. We found the geographical distribution of the dengue virus vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus along our study transect to extend up to 1,310 m altitude in the Middle Mountain region (Kathmandu). The distribution of the lymphatic filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus extended up to at least 2,100 m in the High Mountain region (Dhunche). Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of the physiographical region and month of collection on the abundance of A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus only. BG-Sentinel traps captured significantly higher numbers of A. aegypti than CDC light traps. The meteorological factors temperature, rainfall and relative humidity had significant effects on the mean number of A. aegypti per BG-Sentinel trap. Temperature and relative humidity were significant predictors of the number of C. quinquefasciatus per CDC light trap. Dengue fever and lymphatic filariasis cases had previously been reported from all vector positive areas except Dhunche which was free of known lymphatic filariasis cases.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>We conclude that dengue virus vectors have already established stable populations up to the Middle Mountains of Nepal, supporting previous studies, and report for the first time the distribution of lymphatic filariasis vectors up to the High Mountain region of this country. The findings of our study should contribute to a better planning and scaling-up of mosquito-borne disease control programmes in the mountainous areas of Nepal.
format	article
author	Meghnath Dhimal Ishan Gautam Aljoscha Kreß Ruth Müller Ulrich Kuch
author_facet	Meghnath Dhimal Ishan Gautam Aljoscha Kreß Ruth Müller Ulrich Kuch
author_sort	Meghnath Dhimal
title	Spatio-temporal distribution of dengue and lymphatic filariasis vectors along an altitudinal transect in Central Nepal.
title_short	Spatio-temporal distribution of dengue and lymphatic filariasis vectors along an altitudinal transect in Central Nepal.
title_full	Spatio-temporal distribution of dengue and lymphatic filariasis vectors along an altitudinal transect in Central Nepal.
title_fullStr	Spatio-temporal distribution of dengue and lymphatic filariasis vectors along an altitudinal transect in Central Nepal.
title_full_unstemmed	Spatio-temporal distribution of dengue and lymphatic filariasis vectors along an altitudinal transect in Central Nepal.
title_sort	spatio-temporal distribution of dengue and lymphatic filariasis vectors along an altitudinal transect in central nepal.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/9778b7b13ef7408fb2c76e7c6f11f4e6
work_keys_str_mv	AT meghnathdhimal spatiotemporaldistributionofdengueandlymphaticfilariasisvectorsalonganaltitudinaltransectincentralnepal AT ishangautam spatiotemporaldistributionofdengueandlymphaticfilariasisvectorsalonganaltitudinaltransectincentralnepal AT aljoschakreß spatiotemporaldistributionofdengueandlymphaticfilariasisvectorsalonganaltitudinaltransectincentralnepal AT ruthmuller spatiotemporaldistributionofdengueandlymphaticfilariasisvectorsalonganaltitudinaltransectincentralnepal AT ulrichkuch spatiotemporaldistributionofdengueandlymphaticfilariasisvectorsalonganaltitudinaltransectincentralnepal
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Spatio-temporal distribution of dengue and lymphatic filariasis vectors along an altitudinal transect in Central Nepal.

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