Prediction Models Founded on Soil Characteristics for the Estimated Uptake of Nine Metals by Okra Plant, <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> (L.) Moench., Cultivated in Agricultural Soils Modified with Varying Sewage Sludge Concentrations

Prediction models were developed to estimate the extent to which the metals Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were taken up by the fruits, the leaves, the stems, and the roots of the okra plant, <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> (L.) Moench., grown under greenhouse conditions in soil mo...

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Autores principales:	Ebrahem M. Eid, Kamal H. Shaltout, Saad A. M. Alamri, Sulaiman A. Alrumman, Nasser Sewelam, Mostafa A. Taher, Mohamed Hashem, Yasser S. Mostafa, Mohamed T. Ahmed
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	bioconcentration factor biosolids metals okra regression models translocation factor Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/97ad521e31084c019c46178bb5a949eb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:97ad521e31084c019c46178bb5a949eb2021-11-25T19:00:23ZPrediction Models Founded on Soil Characteristics for the Estimated Uptake of Nine Metals by Okra Plant, <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> (L.) Moench., Cultivated in Agricultural Soils Modified with Varying Sewage Sludge Concentrations10.3390/su1322123562071-1050https://doaj.org/article/97ad521e31084c019c46178bb5a949eb2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12356https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Prediction models were developed to estimate the extent to which the metals Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were taken up by the fruits, the leaves, the stems, and the roots of the okra plant, <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> (L.) Moench., grown under greenhouse conditions in soil modified with a spectrum of sewage sludge concentrations: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g/kg. All the metals under investigation, apart from Cd, were more concentrated in the <i>A. esculentus</i> roots than in any other organ. Overall, the sum of the metal concentration (mg/kg) within the varying plant tissues can be ranked in the following order: roots (13,795.5) > leaves (1252.7) > fruits (489.3) > stems (469.6). For five of the metals (i.e., Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, and Pb), the BCF was <1; for the remaining four metals, the BCF was >1, (i.e., Cr, 1.074; Cu, 1.347; Ni, 1.576; and Zn, 1.031). The metal BCFs were negatively correlated with the pH of the soil and positively correlated with soil OM content. The above-ground tissues exhibited a TF < 1 for all metals, apart from Cd with respect to the leaves (2.003) and the fruits (2.489), and with the exception of Mn in relation to the leaves (1.149). Further positive associations were demonstrated for the concentrations of all the metals in each examined plant tissue and the corresponding soil metal concentration. The tissue uptakes of the nine metals were negatively correlated with soil pH, but positively associated with the OM content in the soil. The generated models showed high performance accuracy; students’ <i>t</i>-tests indicated that any differences between the measured and forecasted concentrations of the nine metals within the four tissue types of <i>A. esculentus</i> failed to reach significance. It can, therefore, be surmised that the prediction models described in the current research form a feasible method with which to determine the safety and risk to human health when cultivating the tested species in soils modified with sewage sludge.Ebrahem M. EidKamal H. ShaltoutSaad A. M. AlamriSulaiman A. AlrummanNasser SewelamMostafa A. TaherMohamed HashemYasser S. MostafaMohamed T. AhmedMDPI AGarticlebioconcentration factorbiosolidsmetalsokraregression modelstranslocation factorEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12356, p 12356 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bioconcentration factor biosolids metals okra regression models translocation factor Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	bioconcentration factor biosolids metals okra regression models translocation factor Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Ebrahem M. Eid Kamal H. Shaltout Saad A. M. Alamri Sulaiman A. Alrumman Nasser Sewelam Mostafa A. Taher Mohamed Hashem Yasser S. Mostafa Mohamed T. Ahmed Prediction Models Founded on Soil Characteristics for the Estimated Uptake of Nine Metals by Okra Plant, <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> (L.) Moench., Cultivated in Agricultural Soils Modified with Varying Sewage Sludge Concentrations
description	Prediction models were developed to estimate the extent to which the metals Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were taken up by the fruits, the leaves, the stems, and the roots of the okra plant, <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> (L.) Moench., grown under greenhouse conditions in soil modified with a spectrum of sewage sludge concentrations: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g/kg. All the metals under investigation, apart from Cd, were more concentrated in the <i>A. esculentus</i> roots than in any other organ. Overall, the sum of the metal concentration (mg/kg) within the varying plant tissues can be ranked in the following order: roots (13,795.5) > leaves (1252.7) > fruits (489.3) > stems (469.6). For five of the metals (i.e., Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, and Pb), the BCF was <1; for the remaining four metals, the BCF was >1, (i.e., Cr, 1.074; Cu, 1.347; Ni, 1.576; and Zn, 1.031). The metal BCFs were negatively correlated with the pH of the soil and positively correlated with soil OM content. The above-ground tissues exhibited a TF < 1 for all metals, apart from Cd with respect to the leaves (2.003) and the fruits (2.489), and with the exception of Mn in relation to the leaves (1.149). Further positive associations were demonstrated for the concentrations of all the metals in each examined plant tissue and the corresponding soil metal concentration. The tissue uptakes of the nine metals were negatively correlated with soil pH, but positively associated with the OM content in the soil. The generated models showed high performance accuracy; students’ <i>t</i>-tests indicated that any differences between the measured and forecasted concentrations of the nine metals within the four tissue types of <i>A. esculentus</i> failed to reach significance. It can, therefore, be surmised that the prediction models described in the current research form a feasible method with which to determine the safety and risk to human health when cultivating the tested species in soils modified with sewage sludge.
format	article
author	Ebrahem M. Eid Kamal H. Shaltout Saad A. M. Alamri Sulaiman A. Alrumman Nasser Sewelam Mostafa A. Taher Mohamed Hashem Yasser S. Mostafa Mohamed T. Ahmed
author_facet	Ebrahem M. Eid Kamal H. Shaltout Saad A. M. Alamri Sulaiman A. Alrumman Nasser Sewelam Mostafa A. Taher Mohamed Hashem Yasser S. Mostafa Mohamed T. Ahmed
author_sort	Ebrahem M. Eid
title	Prediction Models Founded on Soil Characteristics for the Estimated Uptake of Nine Metals by Okra Plant, <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> (L.) Moench., Cultivated in Agricultural Soils Modified with Varying Sewage Sludge Concentrations
title_short	Prediction Models Founded on Soil Characteristics for the Estimated Uptake of Nine Metals by Okra Plant, <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> (L.) Moench., Cultivated in Agricultural Soils Modified with Varying Sewage Sludge Concentrations
title_full	Prediction Models Founded on Soil Characteristics for the Estimated Uptake of Nine Metals by Okra Plant, <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> (L.) Moench., Cultivated in Agricultural Soils Modified with Varying Sewage Sludge Concentrations
title_fullStr	Prediction Models Founded on Soil Characteristics for the Estimated Uptake of Nine Metals by Okra Plant, <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> (L.) Moench., Cultivated in Agricultural Soils Modified with Varying Sewage Sludge Concentrations
title_full_unstemmed	Prediction Models Founded on Soil Characteristics for the Estimated Uptake of Nine Metals by Okra Plant, <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> (L.) Moench., Cultivated in Agricultural Soils Modified with Varying Sewage Sludge Concentrations
title_sort	prediction models founded on soil characteristics for the estimated uptake of nine metals by okra plant, <i>abelmoschus esculentus</i> (l.) moench., cultivated in agricultural soils modified with varying sewage sludge concentrations
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/97ad521e31084c019c46178bb5a949eb
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Prediction Models Founded on Soil Characteristics for the Estimated Uptake of Nine Metals by Okra Plant, <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> (L.) Moench., Cultivated in Agricultural Soils Modified with Varying Sewage Sludge Concentrations

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