Callous-Unemotional Traits Moderate the Relationship Between Irritability and Threatening Responding

Background: Irritability and callous-unemotional (CU; reduced guilt/empathy) traits vary dimensionally in the typically developing population but may be particularly marked in youth with conduct disorder (CD). While these dimensional traits are positively correlated, they have been associated with d...

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Autores principales:	Ru Zhang, Johannah Bashford-Largo, Jennie Lukoff, Jaimie Elowsky, Erin Carollo, Amanda Schwartz, Matthew Dobbertin, Sahil Bajaj, Karina S. Blair, Ellen Leibenluft, R. James R. Blair
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	threat responsiveness irritability callous-unemotional traits conduct disorder fMRI Psychiatry RC435-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/97ebfb70749e4129862e3b92d793022a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:97ebfb70749e4129862e3b92d793022a2021-11-16T05:53:20ZCallous-Unemotional Traits Moderate the Relationship Between Irritability and Threatening Responding1664-064010.3389/fpsyt.2021.617052https://doaj.org/article/97ebfb70749e4129862e3b92d793022a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.617052/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-0640Background: Irritability and callous-unemotional (CU; reduced guilt/empathy) traits vary dimensionally in the typically developing population but may be particularly marked in youth with conduct disorder (CD). While these dimensional traits are positively correlated, they have been associated with divergent forms of dysfunction, particularly with respect to threat processing (i.e., irritability with increased, and CU traits with decreased, threat responsiveness). This suggests that interactions between these two dimensions may be complex at the neurobiological level. However, this issue has received minimal empirical attention.Methods: The study included 105 adolescents (typically developing and cases with CD; N = 59). They were scanned with fMRI during a looming threat task that involved images of threatening and neutral human faces or animals that appeared to be either looming or receding.Results: Significant irritability-by-CU traits-by-Direction-by-Emotion interactions were seen within right thalamus/PAG, left lingual gyrus and right fusiform gyrus; irritability was positively associated with the BOLD response for Looming Threatening vs. Receding Threatening trials, particularly for youth with low CU traits. In contrast, CU traits were negatively associated with the same differential BOLD response but particularly for youth showing higher levels of irritability. Similar findings were seen within left ventral anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, though the addition of the interaction with CU traits was only seen at slightly more lenient thresholds.Conclusions: The results support previous work linking irritability to increased, and CU traits to reduced, threat responsiveness. However, for adolescents with high irritability, if CU traits are also high, the underlying neuropathology appears to relate to reduced, rather than increased, threat responsiveness.Ru ZhangJohannah Bashford-LargoJennie LukoffJaimie ElowskyErin CarolloAmanda SchwartzMatthew DobbertinSahil BajajKarina S. BlairEllen LeibenluftR. James R. BlairFrontiers Media S.A.articlethreat responsivenessirritabilitycallous-unemotional traitsconduct disorderfMRIPsychiatryRC435-571ENFrontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	threat responsiveness irritability callous-unemotional traits conduct disorder fMRI Psychiatry RC435-571
spellingShingle	threat responsiveness irritability callous-unemotional traits conduct disorder fMRI Psychiatry RC435-571 Ru Zhang Johannah Bashford-Largo Jennie Lukoff Jaimie Elowsky Erin Carollo Amanda Schwartz Matthew Dobbertin Sahil Bajaj Karina S. Blair Ellen Leibenluft R. James R. Blair Callous-Unemotional Traits Moderate the Relationship Between Irritability and Threatening Responding
description	Background: Irritability and callous-unemotional (CU; reduced guilt/empathy) traits vary dimensionally in the typically developing population but may be particularly marked in youth with conduct disorder (CD). While these dimensional traits are positively correlated, they have been associated with divergent forms of dysfunction, particularly with respect to threat processing (i.e., irritability with increased, and CU traits with decreased, threat responsiveness). This suggests that interactions between these two dimensions may be complex at the neurobiological level. However, this issue has received minimal empirical attention.Methods: The study included 105 adolescents (typically developing and cases with CD; N = 59). They were scanned with fMRI during a looming threat task that involved images of threatening and neutral human faces or animals that appeared to be either looming or receding.Results: Significant irritability-by-CU traits-by-Direction-by-Emotion interactions were seen within right thalamus/PAG, left lingual gyrus and right fusiform gyrus; irritability was positively associated with the BOLD response for Looming Threatening vs. Receding Threatening trials, particularly for youth with low CU traits. In contrast, CU traits were negatively associated with the same differential BOLD response but particularly for youth showing higher levels of irritability. Similar findings were seen within left ventral anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, though the addition of the interaction with CU traits was only seen at slightly more lenient thresholds.Conclusions: The results support previous work linking irritability to increased, and CU traits to reduced, threat responsiveness. However, for adolescents with high irritability, if CU traits are also high, the underlying neuropathology appears to relate to reduced, rather than increased, threat responsiveness.
format	article
author	Ru Zhang Johannah Bashford-Largo Jennie Lukoff Jaimie Elowsky Erin Carollo Amanda Schwartz Matthew Dobbertin Sahil Bajaj Karina S. Blair Ellen Leibenluft R. James R. Blair
author_facet	Ru Zhang Johannah Bashford-Largo Jennie Lukoff Jaimie Elowsky Erin Carollo Amanda Schwartz Matthew Dobbertin Sahil Bajaj Karina S. Blair Ellen Leibenluft R. James R. Blair
author_sort	Ru Zhang
title	Callous-Unemotional Traits Moderate the Relationship Between Irritability and Threatening Responding
title_short	Callous-Unemotional Traits Moderate the Relationship Between Irritability and Threatening Responding
title_full	Callous-Unemotional Traits Moderate the Relationship Between Irritability and Threatening Responding
title_fullStr	Callous-Unemotional Traits Moderate the Relationship Between Irritability and Threatening Responding
title_full_unstemmed	Callous-Unemotional Traits Moderate the Relationship Between Irritability and Threatening Responding
title_sort	callous-unemotional traits moderate the relationship between irritability and threatening responding
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/97ebfb70749e4129862e3b92d793022a
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Callous-Unemotional Traits Moderate the Relationship Between Irritability and Threatening Responding

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