Exploring Fatigue Effects on Performance Variation of Intensive Brain–Computer Interface Practice

Motor imagery (MI) is an endogenous mental process and is commonly used as an electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) strategy. Previous studies of P300 and MI-based (without online feedback) BCI have shown that mental states like fatigue can negatively affect participants’ E...

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Autores principales:	Songwei Li, Junyi Duan, Yu Sun, Xinjun Sheng, Xiangyang Zhu, Jianjun Meng
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	brain–computer interface motor imagery fatigue electroencephalogram (EEG) rest condition Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/97effa511327410a9a8563f618d5542a
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:97effa511327410a9a8563f618d5542a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:97effa511327410a9a8563f618d5542a2021-12-02T11:45:14ZExploring Fatigue Effects on Performance Variation of Intensive Brain–Computer Interface Practice1662-453X10.3389/fnins.2021.773790https://doaj.org/article/97effa511327410a9a8563f618d5542a2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.773790/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1662-453XMotor imagery (MI) is an endogenous mental process and is commonly used as an electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) strategy. Previous studies of P300 and MI-based (without online feedback) BCI have shown that mental states like fatigue can negatively affect participants’ EEG signatures. However, exogenous stimuli cause visual fatigue, which might have a different mechanism than endogenous tasks do. Furthermore, subjects could adjust themselves if online feedback is provided. In this sense, it is still unclear how fatigue affects online MI-based BCI performance. With this question, 12 healthy subjects are recruited to investigate this issue, and an MI-based online BCI experiment is performed for four sessions on different days. The first session is for training, and the other three sessions differ in rest condition and duration—no rest, 16-min eyes-open rest, and 16-min eyes-closed rest—arranged in a pseudo-random order. Multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI) and short stress state questionnaire (SSSQ) reveal that general fatigue, mental fatigue, and distress have increased, while engagement has decreased significantly within certain sessions. However, the BCI performances, including percent valid correct (PVC) and information transfer rate (ITR), show no significant change across 400 trials. The results suggest that although the repetitive MI task has affected subjects’ mental states, their BCI performances and feature separability within a session are not affected by the task significantly. Further electrophysiological analysis reveals that the alpha-band power in the sensorimotor area has an increasing tendency, while event-related desynchronization (ERD) modulation level has a decreasing trend. During the rest time, no physiological difference has been found in the eyes-open rest condition; on the contrary, the alpha-band power increase and subsequent decrease appear in the eyes-closed rest condition. In summary, this experiment shows evidence that mental states can change dramatically in the intensive MI-BCI practice, but BCI performances could be maintained.Songwei LiJunyi DuanYu SunXinjun ShengXiangyang ZhuJianjun MengFrontiers Media S.A.articlebrain–computer interfacemotor imageryfatigueelectroencephalogram (EEG)rest conditionNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Neuroscience, Vol 15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	brain–computer interface motor imagery fatigue electroencephalogram (EEG) rest condition Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	brain–computer interface motor imagery fatigue electroencephalogram (EEG) rest condition Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Songwei Li Junyi Duan Yu Sun Xinjun Sheng Xiangyang Zhu Jianjun Meng Exploring Fatigue Effects on Performance Variation of Intensive Brain–Computer Interface Practice
description	Motor imagery (MI) is an endogenous mental process and is commonly used as an electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) strategy. Previous studies of P300 and MI-based (without online feedback) BCI have shown that mental states like fatigue can negatively affect participants’ EEG signatures. However, exogenous stimuli cause visual fatigue, which might have a different mechanism than endogenous tasks do. Furthermore, subjects could adjust themselves if online feedback is provided. In this sense, it is still unclear how fatigue affects online MI-based BCI performance. With this question, 12 healthy subjects are recruited to investigate this issue, and an MI-based online BCI experiment is performed for four sessions on different days. The first session is for training, and the other three sessions differ in rest condition and duration—no rest, 16-min eyes-open rest, and 16-min eyes-closed rest—arranged in a pseudo-random order. Multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI) and short stress state questionnaire (SSSQ) reveal that general fatigue, mental fatigue, and distress have increased, while engagement has decreased significantly within certain sessions. However, the BCI performances, including percent valid correct (PVC) and information transfer rate (ITR), show no significant change across 400 trials. The results suggest that although the repetitive MI task has affected subjects’ mental states, their BCI performances and feature separability within a session are not affected by the task significantly. Further electrophysiological analysis reveals that the alpha-band power in the sensorimotor area has an increasing tendency, while event-related desynchronization (ERD) modulation level has a decreasing trend. During the rest time, no physiological difference has been found in the eyes-open rest condition; on the contrary, the alpha-band power increase and subsequent decrease appear in the eyes-closed rest condition. In summary, this experiment shows evidence that mental states can change dramatically in the intensive MI-BCI practice, but BCI performances could be maintained.
format	article
author	Songwei Li Junyi Duan Yu Sun Xinjun Sheng Xiangyang Zhu Jianjun Meng
author_facet	Songwei Li Junyi Duan Yu Sun Xinjun Sheng Xiangyang Zhu Jianjun Meng
author_sort	Songwei Li
title	Exploring Fatigue Effects on Performance Variation of Intensive Brain–Computer Interface Practice
title_short	Exploring Fatigue Effects on Performance Variation of Intensive Brain–Computer Interface Practice
title_full	Exploring Fatigue Effects on Performance Variation of Intensive Brain–Computer Interface Practice
title_fullStr	Exploring Fatigue Effects on Performance Variation of Intensive Brain–Computer Interface Practice
title_full_unstemmed	Exploring Fatigue Effects on Performance Variation of Intensive Brain–Computer Interface Practice
title_sort	exploring fatigue effects on performance variation of intensive brain–computer interface practice
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/97effa511327410a9a8563f618d5542a
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Exploring Fatigue Effects on Performance Variation of Intensive Brain–Computer Interface Practice

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