Targeted Phytohormone Profiling Identifies Potential Regulators of Spikelet Sterility in Rice under Combined Drought and Heat Stress

Rice cultivated under rainfed or semi-irrigated ecosystems is frequently exposed to a combination of drought and heat stress. As a sensitive crop at the reproductive stage, exposure to combined drought and heat stress will have a deleterious effect on yield. In this study, two rice cultivars with co...

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Autores principales:	Maria Vera Jesus Da Costa, Venkategowda Ramegowda, Sheshshayee Sreeman, Karaba N. Nataraja
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	rice combined drought and heat stress phytohormones flag leaf spikelets Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/97f8079c57b249beb299409ead8ebe4a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:97f8079c57b249beb299409ead8ebe4a2021-11-11T17:09:13ZTargeted Phytohormone Profiling Identifies Potential Regulators of Spikelet Sterility in Rice under Combined Drought and Heat Stress10.3390/ijms2221116901422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/97f8079c57b249beb299409ead8ebe4a2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11690https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Rice cultivated under rainfed or semi-irrigated ecosystems is frequently exposed to a combination of drought and heat stress. As a sensitive crop at the reproductive stage, exposure to combined drought and heat stress will have a deleterious effect on yield. In this study, two rice cultivars with contrasting spikelet sterility, AVT2-5315 (low sterility) and AC35027 (high sterility), under combined stress were selected for physiological characterization and phytohormonal profiling at anthesis. Under combined stress, both cultivars did not differ in the physiological parameters such as relative water content, photosynthetic rate, light-adapted chlorophyll fluorescence and biomass, suggesting a similar source activity under stress. However, AVT2-5315 showed better yield due to better pollen and spikelet fertility than AC35027, suggesting its intrinsic tolerance ability under combined stress. Targeted profiling of 15 phytohormones from drought, heat and combined stress-treated flag leaf and spikelet tissues using LC–MS/MS showed increased accumulation of auxins (indole 3-acetic acid and indole 3-butyric acid) in flag leaves and jasmonic acid in spikelets of AVT2-5315, while there was increased accumulation of ethylene in flag leaves and methyl-jasmonate in spikelets of AC35027. Increased accumulation of these hormones correlated with key biosynthetic pathway genes. In the flag leaves, increased accumulation of auxins was correlated with increased transcript levels of <i>YUCCA-like gene 1</i> (<i>OsYUCCA1</i>) and <i>fish bone</i> (<i>OsFIB</i>), in AVT2-5315 under combined stress. In AC35027, increased ethylene content was correlated with expression of <i>1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 1</i> (<i>OsASC1</i>) and <i>aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase 2</i> (<i>OsACO2</i>). Similarly, in spikelets, increased accumulation of jasmonic acid in AVT2-5315 was correlated with expression of <i>allene oxide cyclase</i> (<i>OsAOC</i>) and <i>12-oxophytodienoic acid reductase 1</i> (<i>OsOPR1</i>). The mechanism of regulating spikelet sterility by these hormones needs further investigation towards improving rice tolerance to combined stress.Maria Vera Jesus Da CostaVenkategowda RamegowdaSheshshayee SreemanKaraba N. NatarajaMDPI AGarticlericecombined drought and heat stressphytohormonesflag leafspikeletsBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11690, p 11690 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	rice combined drought and heat stress phytohormones flag leaf spikelets Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	rice combined drought and heat stress phytohormones flag leaf spikelets Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Maria Vera Jesus Da Costa Venkategowda Ramegowda Sheshshayee Sreeman Karaba N. Nataraja Targeted Phytohormone Profiling Identifies Potential Regulators of Spikelet Sterility in Rice under Combined Drought and Heat Stress
description	Rice cultivated under rainfed or semi-irrigated ecosystems is frequently exposed to a combination of drought and heat stress. As a sensitive crop at the reproductive stage, exposure to combined drought and heat stress will have a deleterious effect on yield. In this study, two rice cultivars with contrasting spikelet sterility, AVT2-5315 (low sterility) and AC35027 (high sterility), under combined stress were selected for physiological characterization and phytohormonal profiling at anthesis. Under combined stress, both cultivars did not differ in the physiological parameters such as relative water content, photosynthetic rate, light-adapted chlorophyll fluorescence and biomass, suggesting a similar source activity under stress. However, AVT2-5315 showed better yield due to better pollen and spikelet fertility than AC35027, suggesting its intrinsic tolerance ability under combined stress. Targeted profiling of 15 phytohormones from drought, heat and combined stress-treated flag leaf and spikelet tissues using LC–MS/MS showed increased accumulation of auxins (indole 3-acetic acid and indole 3-butyric acid) in flag leaves and jasmonic acid in spikelets of AVT2-5315, while there was increased accumulation of ethylene in flag leaves and methyl-jasmonate in spikelets of AC35027. Increased accumulation of these hormones correlated with key biosynthetic pathway genes. In the flag leaves, increased accumulation of auxins was correlated with increased transcript levels of <i>YUCCA-like gene 1</i> (<i>OsYUCCA1</i>) and <i>fish bone</i> (<i>OsFIB</i>), in AVT2-5315 under combined stress. In AC35027, increased ethylene content was correlated with expression of <i>1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 1</i> (<i>OsASC1</i>) and <i>aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase 2</i> (<i>OsACO2</i>). Similarly, in spikelets, increased accumulation of jasmonic acid in AVT2-5315 was correlated with expression of <i>allene oxide cyclase</i> (<i>OsAOC</i>) and <i>12-oxophytodienoic acid reductase 1</i> (<i>OsOPR1</i>). The mechanism of regulating spikelet sterility by these hormones needs further investigation towards improving rice tolerance to combined stress.
format	article
author	Maria Vera Jesus Da Costa Venkategowda Ramegowda Sheshshayee Sreeman Karaba N. Nataraja
author_facet	Maria Vera Jesus Da Costa Venkategowda Ramegowda Sheshshayee Sreeman Karaba N. Nataraja
author_sort	Maria Vera Jesus Da Costa
title	Targeted Phytohormone Profiling Identifies Potential Regulators of Spikelet Sterility in Rice under Combined Drought and Heat Stress
title_short	Targeted Phytohormone Profiling Identifies Potential Regulators of Spikelet Sterility in Rice under Combined Drought and Heat Stress
title_full	Targeted Phytohormone Profiling Identifies Potential Regulators of Spikelet Sterility in Rice under Combined Drought and Heat Stress
title_fullStr	Targeted Phytohormone Profiling Identifies Potential Regulators of Spikelet Sterility in Rice under Combined Drought and Heat Stress
title_full_unstemmed	Targeted Phytohormone Profiling Identifies Potential Regulators of Spikelet Sterility in Rice under Combined Drought and Heat Stress
title_sort	targeted phytohormone profiling identifies potential regulators of spikelet sterility in rice under combined drought and heat stress
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/97f8079c57b249beb299409ead8ebe4a
work_keys_str_mv	AT mariaverajesusdacosta targetedphytohormoneprofilingidentifiespotentialregulatorsofspikeletsterilityinriceundercombineddroughtandheatstress AT venkategowdaramegowda targetedphytohormoneprofilingidentifiespotentialregulatorsofspikeletsterilityinriceundercombineddroughtandheatstress AT sheshshayeesreeman targetedphytohormoneprofilingidentifiespotentialregulatorsofspikeletsterilityinriceundercombineddroughtandheatstress AT karabannataraja targetedphytohormoneprofilingidentifiespotentialregulatorsofspikeletsterilityinriceundercombineddroughtandheatstress
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Targeted Phytohormone Profiling Identifies Potential Regulators of Spikelet Sterility in Rice under Combined Drought and Heat Stress

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