Poultry Feather Waste as Bio-Based Cross-Linking Additive for Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber

Most rubbers used today rely on sulphur as a cross-linking agent and carbon black from fossil resources to modify the mechanical properties. A very promising substitute can be found in natural keratins such as feathers. These are not only tough, but also contain a relevant amount of sulphur in the f...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Markus Brenner, Oliver Weichold
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	keratin composite bio-based rubber additive bio-based filler cross-linking filler waste reduction Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/97faad3c5e4549d9bc2abe5f4ae891f3
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:97faad3c5e4549d9bc2abe5f4ae891f3
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:97faad3c5e4549d9bc2abe5f4ae891f32021-11-25T18:48:11ZPoultry Feather Waste as Bio-Based Cross-Linking Additive for Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber10.3390/polym132239082073-4360https://doaj.org/article/97faad3c5e4549d9bc2abe5f4ae891f32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/22/3908https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360Most rubbers used today rely on sulphur as a cross-linking agent and carbon black from fossil resources to modify the mechanical properties. A very promising substitute can be found in natural keratins such as feathers. These are not only tough, but also contain a relevant amount of sulphur in the form of disulphide bridges. The present study shows that these can be activated under vulcanisation conditions and then bind covalently to EPDM rubber to form a cross-linked network. Feathers were cut into lengths of 0.08, 0.2, and 1 mm and incorporated at 38, 69, or 100 phr into EPDM mixtures containing either no carbon black or no carbon black nor sulphur. The presence of feather cuttings increases the tensile and compressive strength as well as the hardness, and reduces the rebound resilience. Due to their high (approximately 17%) nitrogen content, the feathers also improve the thermal stability of the composite, as the main degradation step is shifted from 400 °C to 470 °C and the decomposition is significantly slowed down. Since elastomers are a large market and feathers in particular are a high-volume waste, the combination of these two offers enormous ecological and economic prospects.Markus BrennerOliver WeicholdMDPI AGarticlekeratincompositebio-based rubber additivebio-based fillercross-linking fillerwaste reductionOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 3908, p 3908 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	keratin composite bio-based rubber additive bio-based filler cross-linking filler waste reduction Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	keratin composite bio-based rubber additive bio-based filler cross-linking filler waste reduction Organic chemistry QD241-441 Markus Brenner Oliver Weichold Poultry Feather Waste as Bio-Based Cross-Linking Additive for Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber
description	Most rubbers used today rely on sulphur as a cross-linking agent and carbon black from fossil resources to modify the mechanical properties. A very promising substitute can be found in natural keratins such as feathers. These are not only tough, but also contain a relevant amount of sulphur in the form of disulphide bridges. The present study shows that these can be activated under vulcanisation conditions and then bind covalently to EPDM rubber to form a cross-linked network. Feathers were cut into lengths of 0.08, 0.2, and 1 mm and incorporated at 38, 69, or 100 phr into EPDM mixtures containing either no carbon black or no carbon black nor sulphur. The presence of feather cuttings increases the tensile and compressive strength as well as the hardness, and reduces the rebound resilience. Due to their high (approximately 17%) nitrogen content, the feathers also improve the thermal stability of the composite, as the main degradation step is shifted from 400 °C to 470 °C and the decomposition is significantly slowed down. Since elastomers are a large market and feathers in particular are a high-volume waste, the combination of these two offers enormous ecological and economic prospects.
format	article
author	Markus Brenner Oliver Weichold
author_facet	Markus Brenner Oliver Weichold
author_sort	Markus Brenner
title	Poultry Feather Waste as Bio-Based Cross-Linking Additive for Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber
title_short	Poultry Feather Waste as Bio-Based Cross-Linking Additive for Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber
title_full	Poultry Feather Waste as Bio-Based Cross-Linking Additive for Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber
title_fullStr	Poultry Feather Waste as Bio-Based Cross-Linking Additive for Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber
title_full_unstemmed	Poultry Feather Waste as Bio-Based Cross-Linking Additive for Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber
title_sort	poultry feather waste as bio-based cross-linking additive for ethylene propylene diene rubber
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/97faad3c5e4549d9bc2abe5f4ae891f3
work_keys_str_mv	AT markusbrenner poultryfeatherwasteasbiobasedcrosslinkingadditiveforethylenepropylenedienerubber AT oliverweichold poultryfeatherwasteasbiobasedcrosslinkingadditiveforethylenepropylenedienerubber
_version_	1718410728371650560

Poultry Feather Waste as Bio-Based Cross-Linking Additive for Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber

Ejemplares similares