Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances internal source monitoring abilities in healthy participants.

Source monitoring refers to the ability to identify the origin of a memory, for example, whether you remember saying something or thinking about it, and confusions of these sources have been associated with the experience of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs). Both AVHs and source confusions are...

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Autores principales:	Isabella Kusztrits, Lynn Marquardt, Kenneth Hugdahl, Marco Hirnstein
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/97fb70175e3047bead9ba68c0fa216d2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:97fb70175e3047bead9ba68c0fa216d22021-12-02T20:14:35ZTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances internal source monitoring abilities in healthy participants.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257010https://doaj.org/article/97fb70175e3047bead9ba68c0fa216d22021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257010https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Source monitoring refers to the ability to identify the origin of a memory, for example, whether you remember saying something or thinking about it, and confusions of these sources have been associated with the experience of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs). Both AVHs and source confusions are reported to originate from dysfunctional brain activations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the superior temporal gyrus (STG); specifically, it is assumed that a hypoactive PFC and a hyperactive STG gives rise to AVHs and source confusions. We set out to test this assumption by trying to mimic this hypertemporal/hypofrontal model in healthy individuals with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): the inhibitory cathode was placed over the left PFC and the excitatory anode over the left dorsolateral STG. Participants completed a reality monitoring task (distinguishing between external and internal memory sources) and an internal source monitoring task (distinguishing between two or more internal memory sources) in two separate experiments (offline vs. online tDCS). In the offline experiment (n = 34), both source monitoring tasks were completed after tDCS stimulation, and in the online experiment (n = 27) source monitoring tasks were completed while simultaneously being stimulated with tDCS. We found that internal source monitoring abilities were significantly enhanced during active online tDCS, while reality monitoring abilities were unaffected by stimulation in both experiments. We speculate, based on combining the present findings with previous studies, that there might be different brain areas involved in reality and internal source monitoring. While internal source monitoring seems to involve speech production areas, specifically Broca's area, as suggested in the present study, reality monitoring seems to rely more on the STG and DLPFC, as shown in other studies of the field.Isabella KusztritsLynn MarquardtKenneth HugdahlMarco HirnsteinPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0257010 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Isabella Kusztrits Lynn Marquardt Kenneth Hugdahl Marco Hirnstein Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances internal source monitoring abilities in healthy participants.
description	Source monitoring refers to the ability to identify the origin of a memory, for example, whether you remember saying something or thinking about it, and confusions of these sources have been associated with the experience of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs). Both AVHs and source confusions are reported to originate from dysfunctional brain activations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the superior temporal gyrus (STG); specifically, it is assumed that a hypoactive PFC and a hyperactive STG gives rise to AVHs and source confusions. We set out to test this assumption by trying to mimic this hypertemporal/hypofrontal model in healthy individuals with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): the inhibitory cathode was placed over the left PFC and the excitatory anode over the left dorsolateral STG. Participants completed a reality monitoring task (distinguishing between external and internal memory sources) and an internal source monitoring task (distinguishing between two or more internal memory sources) in two separate experiments (offline vs. online tDCS). In the offline experiment (n = 34), both source monitoring tasks were completed after tDCS stimulation, and in the online experiment (n = 27) source monitoring tasks were completed while simultaneously being stimulated with tDCS. We found that internal source monitoring abilities were significantly enhanced during active online tDCS, while reality monitoring abilities were unaffected by stimulation in both experiments. We speculate, based on combining the present findings with previous studies, that there might be different brain areas involved in reality and internal source monitoring. While internal source monitoring seems to involve speech production areas, specifically Broca's area, as suggested in the present study, reality monitoring seems to rely more on the STG and DLPFC, as shown in other studies of the field.
format	article
author	Isabella Kusztrits Lynn Marquardt Kenneth Hugdahl Marco Hirnstein
author_facet	Isabella Kusztrits Lynn Marquardt Kenneth Hugdahl Marco Hirnstein
author_sort	Isabella Kusztrits
title	Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances internal source monitoring abilities in healthy participants.
title_short	Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances internal source monitoring abilities in healthy participants.
title_full	Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances internal source monitoring abilities in healthy participants.
title_fullStr	Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances internal source monitoring abilities in healthy participants.
title_full_unstemmed	Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances internal source monitoring abilities in healthy participants.
title_sort	transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) enhances internal source monitoring abilities in healthy participants.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/97fb70175e3047bead9ba68c0fa216d2
work_keys_str_mv	AT isabellakusztrits transcranialdirectcurrentstimulationtdcsenhancesinternalsourcemonitoringabilitiesinhealthyparticipants AT lynnmarquardt transcranialdirectcurrentstimulationtdcsenhancesinternalsourcemonitoringabilitiesinhealthyparticipants AT kennethhugdahl transcranialdirectcurrentstimulationtdcsenhancesinternalsourcemonitoringabilitiesinhealthyparticipants AT marcohirnstein transcranialdirectcurrentstimulationtdcsenhancesinternalsourcemonitoringabilitiesinhealthyparticipants
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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances internal source monitoring abilities in healthy participants.

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