The microbiome of glaciers and ice sheets

Abstract Glaciers and ice sheets, like other biomes, occupy a significant area of the planet and harbour biological communities with distinct interactions and feedbacks with their physical and chemical environment. In the case of the glacial biome, the biological processes are dominated almost exclu...

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Autores principales:	Alexandre M. Anesio, Stefanie Lutz, Nathan A. M. Chrismas, Liane G. Benning
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Microbial ecology QR100-130
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/980682d68f884d6795748a16262ef102
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:980682d68f884d6795748a16262ef1022021-12-02T15:10:26ZThe microbiome of glaciers and ice sheets10.1038/s41522-017-0019-02055-5008https://doaj.org/article/980682d68f884d6795748a16262ef1022017-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-017-0019-0https://doaj.org/toc/2055-5008Abstract Glaciers and ice sheets, like other biomes, occupy a significant area of the planet and harbour biological communities with distinct interactions and feedbacks with their physical and chemical environment. In the case of the glacial biome, the biological processes are dominated almost exclusively by microbial communities. Habitats on glaciers and ice sheets with enough liquid water to sustain microbial activity include snow, surface ice, cryoconite holes, englacial systems and the interface between ice and overridden rock/soil. There is a remarkable similarity between the different specific glacial habitats across glaciers and ice sheets worldwide, particularly regarding their main primary producers and ecosystem engineers. At the surface, cyanobacteria dominate the carbon production in aquatic/sediment systems such as cryoconite holes, while eukaryotic Zygnematales and Chlamydomonadales dominate ice surfaces and snow dynamics, respectively. Microbially driven chemolithotrophic processes associated with sulphur and iron cycle and C transformations in subglacial ecosystems provide the basis for chemical transformations at the rock interface under the ice that underpin an important mechanism for the delivery of nutrients to downstream ecosystems. In this review, we focus on the main ecosystem engineers of glaciers and ice sheets and how they interact with their chemical and physical environment. We then discuss the implications of this microbial activity on the icy microbiome to the biogeochemistry of downstream ecosystems.Alexandre M. AnesioStefanie LutzNathan A. M. ChrismasLiane G. BenningNature PortfolioarticleMicrobial ecologyQR100-130ENnpj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbial ecology QR100-130
spellingShingle	Microbial ecology QR100-130 Alexandre M. Anesio Stefanie Lutz Nathan A. M. Chrismas Liane G. Benning The microbiome of glaciers and ice sheets
description	Abstract Glaciers and ice sheets, like other biomes, occupy a significant area of the planet and harbour biological communities with distinct interactions and feedbacks with their physical and chemical environment. In the case of the glacial biome, the biological processes are dominated almost exclusively by microbial communities. Habitats on glaciers and ice sheets with enough liquid water to sustain microbial activity include snow, surface ice, cryoconite holes, englacial systems and the interface between ice and overridden rock/soil. There is a remarkable similarity between the different specific glacial habitats across glaciers and ice sheets worldwide, particularly regarding their main primary producers and ecosystem engineers. At the surface, cyanobacteria dominate the carbon production in aquatic/sediment systems such as cryoconite holes, while eukaryotic Zygnematales and Chlamydomonadales dominate ice surfaces and snow dynamics, respectively. Microbially driven chemolithotrophic processes associated with sulphur and iron cycle and C transformations in subglacial ecosystems provide the basis for chemical transformations at the rock interface under the ice that underpin an important mechanism for the delivery of nutrients to downstream ecosystems. In this review, we focus on the main ecosystem engineers of glaciers and ice sheets and how they interact with their chemical and physical environment. We then discuss the implications of this microbial activity on the icy microbiome to the biogeochemistry of downstream ecosystems.
format	article
author	Alexandre M. Anesio Stefanie Lutz Nathan A. M. Chrismas Liane G. Benning
author_facet	Alexandre M. Anesio Stefanie Lutz Nathan A. M. Chrismas Liane G. Benning
author_sort	Alexandre M. Anesio
title	The microbiome of glaciers and ice sheets
title_short	The microbiome of glaciers and ice sheets
title_full	The microbiome of glaciers and ice sheets
title_fullStr	The microbiome of glaciers and ice sheets
title_full_unstemmed	The microbiome of glaciers and ice sheets
title_sort	microbiome of glaciers and ice sheets
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/980682d68f884d6795748a16262ef102
work_keys_str_mv	AT alexandremanesio themicrobiomeofglaciersandicesheets AT stefanielutz themicrobiomeofglaciersandicesheets AT nathanamchrismas themicrobiomeofglaciersandicesheets AT lianegbenning themicrobiomeofglaciersandicesheets AT alexandremanesio microbiomeofglaciersandicesheets AT stefanielutz microbiomeofglaciersandicesheets AT nathanamchrismas microbiomeofglaciersandicesheets AT lianegbenning microbiomeofglaciersandicesheets
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The microbiome of glaciers and ice sheets

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