Extraction and Discrimination of MBT Anomalies Possibly Associated with the Mw 7.3 Maduo (Qinghai, China) Earthquake on 21 May 2021

Earthquakes are one of the most threatening natural disasters to human beings, and pre- and post-earthquake microwave brightness temperature (MBT) anomalies have attracted increasing attention from geosciences as well as remote sensing communities. However, there is still a lack of systematic descri...

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Autores principales:	Yuan Qi, Lixin Wu, Yifan Ding, Yingjia Liu, Shuai Chen, Xiao Wang, Wenfei Mao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Maduo earthquake microwave brightness temperature monthly mean background seismic thermal anomaly Bayan Har block coversphere environment Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/980e0167120e4d92a609431181528582
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:980e0167120e4d92a6094311815285822021-11-25T18:55:47ZExtraction and Discrimination of MBT Anomalies Possibly Associated with the Mw 7.3 Maduo (Qinghai, China) Earthquake on 21 May 202110.3390/rs132247262072-4292https://doaj.org/article/980e0167120e4d92a6094311815285822021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4726https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292Earthquakes are one of the most threatening natural disasters to human beings, and pre- and post-earthquake microwave brightness temperature (MBT) anomalies have attracted increasing attention from geosciences as well as remote sensing communities. However, there is still a lack of systematic description about how to extract and then discriminate the authenticity of seismic MBT anomalies. In this research, the first strong earthquake occurring near the northern edge of eastern Bayan Har block in nearly 20 years, the recent Mw 7.3 Maduo earthquake in Qinghai province, China on 21 May 2021, was selected as a case study. Based on the monthly mean background of MBT, the spatiotemporal features of MBT residuals with 10.65 GHz before and after the earthquake was firstly revealed. Referring to the spatial patterns and abnormal amplitudes of the results, four typical types of evident MBT positive residuals were obtained, and the time series of intensity features of each category was also quantitatively analyzed. Then, as the most influential factor on surface microwave radiation, air temperature, soil moisture and precipitation were analyzed to discriminate their contributions to these residuals. The fourth one, which occurred north to the epicenter after the earthquake, was finally confirmed to be caused by soil moisture reduction and thus ruled out as being related to seismicity. Therefore, the three retained typical MBT residuals with 10.65 GHz could be identified as possible anomalies associated with the Maduo earthquake, and were further analyzed collaboratively with some other reported abnormal phenomena related to the seismogenic process. Furthermore, through time series analysis, the MBT positive residuals inside the Bayan Har block were found to be more significant than that outside, and the abnormal behaviors of MBT residuals in the elevation range of 4000–5000 m reflected the shielding effect on microwave radiation from thawing permafrost on the plateau in March and April, 2021. This research provides a detailed technique to extract and discriminate the seismic MBT anomaly, and the revealed results reflect well the joint effect of seismic activity and regional coversphere environment on satellite-observed MBT.Yuan QiLixin WuYifan DingYingjia LiuShuai ChenXiao WangWenfei MaoMDPI AGarticleMaduo earthquakemicrowave brightness temperaturemonthly mean backgroundseismic thermal anomalyBayan Har blockcoversphere environmentScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4726, p 4726 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Maduo earthquake microwave brightness temperature monthly mean background seismic thermal anomaly Bayan Har block coversphere environment Science Q
spellingShingle	Maduo earthquake microwave brightness temperature monthly mean background seismic thermal anomaly Bayan Har block coversphere environment Science Q Yuan Qi Lixin Wu Yifan Ding Yingjia Liu Shuai Chen Xiao Wang Wenfei Mao Extraction and Discrimination of MBT Anomalies Possibly Associated with the Mw 7.3 Maduo (Qinghai, China) Earthquake on 21 May 2021
description	Earthquakes are one of the most threatening natural disasters to human beings, and pre- and post-earthquake microwave brightness temperature (MBT) anomalies have attracted increasing attention from geosciences as well as remote sensing communities. However, there is still a lack of systematic description about how to extract and then discriminate the authenticity of seismic MBT anomalies. In this research, the first strong earthquake occurring near the northern edge of eastern Bayan Har block in nearly 20 years, the recent Mw 7.3 Maduo earthquake in Qinghai province, China on 21 May 2021, was selected as a case study. Based on the monthly mean background of MBT, the spatiotemporal features of MBT residuals with 10.65 GHz before and after the earthquake was firstly revealed. Referring to the spatial patterns and abnormal amplitudes of the results, four typical types of evident MBT positive residuals were obtained, and the time series of intensity features of each category was also quantitatively analyzed. Then, as the most influential factor on surface microwave radiation, air temperature, soil moisture and precipitation were analyzed to discriminate their contributions to these residuals. The fourth one, which occurred north to the epicenter after the earthquake, was finally confirmed to be caused by soil moisture reduction and thus ruled out as being related to seismicity. Therefore, the three retained typical MBT residuals with 10.65 GHz could be identified as possible anomalies associated with the Maduo earthquake, and were further analyzed collaboratively with some other reported abnormal phenomena related to the seismogenic process. Furthermore, through time series analysis, the MBT positive residuals inside the Bayan Har block were found to be more significant than that outside, and the abnormal behaviors of MBT residuals in the elevation range of 4000–5000 m reflected the shielding effect on microwave radiation from thawing permafrost on the plateau in March and April, 2021. This research provides a detailed technique to extract and discriminate the seismic MBT anomaly, and the revealed results reflect well the joint effect of seismic activity and regional coversphere environment on satellite-observed MBT.
format	article
author	Yuan Qi Lixin Wu Yifan Ding Yingjia Liu Shuai Chen Xiao Wang Wenfei Mao
author_facet	Yuan Qi Lixin Wu Yifan Ding Yingjia Liu Shuai Chen Xiao Wang Wenfei Mao
author_sort	Yuan Qi
title	Extraction and Discrimination of MBT Anomalies Possibly Associated with the Mw 7.3 Maduo (Qinghai, China) Earthquake on 21 May 2021
title_short	Extraction and Discrimination of MBT Anomalies Possibly Associated with the Mw 7.3 Maduo (Qinghai, China) Earthquake on 21 May 2021
title_full	Extraction and Discrimination of MBT Anomalies Possibly Associated with the Mw 7.3 Maduo (Qinghai, China) Earthquake on 21 May 2021
title_fullStr	Extraction and Discrimination of MBT Anomalies Possibly Associated with the Mw 7.3 Maduo (Qinghai, China) Earthquake on 21 May 2021
title_full_unstemmed	Extraction and Discrimination of MBT Anomalies Possibly Associated with the Mw 7.3 Maduo (Qinghai, China) Earthquake on 21 May 2021
title_sort	extraction and discrimination of mbt anomalies possibly associated with the mw 7.3 maduo (qinghai, china) earthquake on 21 may 2021
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/980e0167120e4d92a609431181528582
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Extraction and Discrimination of MBT Anomalies Possibly Associated with the Mw 7.3 Maduo (Qinghai, China) Earthquake on 21 May 2021

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