The Immunomodulatory Functions of Butyrate

Mohamed Tausif Siddiqui,1,2 Gail AM Cresci1,3 1Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Human Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA; 2Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 4...

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Autores principales:	Siddiqui MT, Cresci GAM
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	butyrate short chain fatty acids gut microbiome gut microbiota dysbiosis inflammation immunity innate immunity adaptive immunity epithelial barrier inflammatory bowel disease Pathology RB1-214 Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/981a7f479233451681872b1f539096aa
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:981a7f479233451681872b1f539096aa2021-11-18T19:40:25ZThe Immunomodulatory Functions of Butyrate1178-7031https://doaj.org/article/981a7f479233451681872b1f539096aa2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/the-immunomodulatory-functions-of-butyrate-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JIRhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-7031Mohamed Tausif Siddiqui,1,2 Gail AM Cresci1,3 1Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Human Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA; 2Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA; 3Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USACorrespondence: Gail AM Cresci Tel +1-216-445-0874Email crescig@ccf.orgAbstract: The gastrointestinal (GI) system contains many different types of immune cells, making it a key immune organ system in the human body. In the last decade, our knowledge has substantially expanded regarding our understanding of the gut microbiome and its complex interaction with the gut immune system. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and specifically butyrate, play an important role in mediating the effects of the gut microbiome on local and systemic immunity. Gut microbial alterations and depletion of luminal butyrate have been well documented in the literature for a number of systemic and GI inflammatory disorders. Although a substantial knowledge gap exists requiring the need for further investigations to determine cause and effect, there is heightened interest in developing immunomodulatory therapies by means of reprogramming of gut microbiome or by supplementing its beneficial metabolites, such as butyrate. In the current review, we discuss the role of endogenous butyrate in the inflammatory response and maintaining immune homeostasis within the intestine. We also present the experimental models and human studies which explore therapeutic potential of butyrate supplementation in inflammatory conditions associated with butyrate depletion.Keywords: butyrate, short chain fatty acids, gut microbiome, gut microbiota, dysbiosis, inflammation, immunity, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, epithelial barrier, inflammatory bowel diseaseSiddiqui MTCresci GAMDove Medical Pressarticlebutyrateshort chain fatty acidsgut microbiomegut microbiotadysbiosisinflammationimmunityinnate immunityadaptive immunityepithelial barrierinflammatory bowel diseasePathologyRB1-214Therapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENJournal of Inflammation Research, Vol Volume 14, Pp 6025-6041 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	butyrate short chain fatty acids gut microbiome gut microbiota dysbiosis inflammation immunity innate immunity adaptive immunity epithelial barrier inflammatory bowel disease Pathology RB1-214 Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	butyrate short chain fatty acids gut microbiome gut microbiota dysbiosis inflammation immunity innate immunity adaptive immunity epithelial barrier inflammatory bowel disease Pathology RB1-214 Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Siddiqui MT Cresci GAM The Immunomodulatory Functions of Butyrate
description	Mohamed Tausif Siddiqui,1,2 Gail AM Cresci1,3 1Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Human Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA; 2Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA; 3Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USACorrespondence: Gail AM Cresci Tel +1-216-445-0874Email crescig@ccf.orgAbstract: The gastrointestinal (GI) system contains many different types of immune cells, making it a key immune organ system in the human body. In the last decade, our knowledge has substantially expanded regarding our understanding of the gut microbiome and its complex interaction with the gut immune system. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and specifically butyrate, play an important role in mediating the effects of the gut microbiome on local and systemic immunity. Gut microbial alterations and depletion of luminal butyrate have been well documented in the literature for a number of systemic and GI inflammatory disorders. Although a substantial knowledge gap exists requiring the need for further investigations to determine cause and effect, there is heightened interest in developing immunomodulatory therapies by means of reprogramming of gut microbiome or by supplementing its beneficial metabolites, such as butyrate. In the current review, we discuss the role of endogenous butyrate in the inflammatory response and maintaining immune homeostasis within the intestine. We also present the experimental models and human studies which explore therapeutic potential of butyrate supplementation in inflammatory conditions associated with butyrate depletion.Keywords: butyrate, short chain fatty acids, gut microbiome, gut microbiota, dysbiosis, inflammation, immunity, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, epithelial barrier, inflammatory bowel disease
format	article
author	Siddiqui MT Cresci GAM
author_facet	Siddiqui MT Cresci GAM
author_sort	Siddiqui MT
title	The Immunomodulatory Functions of Butyrate
title_short	The Immunomodulatory Functions of Butyrate
title_full	The Immunomodulatory Functions of Butyrate
title_fullStr	The Immunomodulatory Functions of Butyrate
title_full_unstemmed	The Immunomodulatory Functions of Butyrate
title_sort	immunomodulatory functions of butyrate
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/981a7f479233451681872b1f539096aa
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The Immunomodulatory Functions of Butyrate

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