Practical epistemology: the role of peer review in organizing scientific research

The article considers peer review as the main procedure for demarcating scientific knowledge from other kinds thereof, which do not meet the criteria set for research results. The authors examine the history of peer review, which has first been used in early scientific journals and then has become o...

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Autores principales:	A. V. Shestopal, V. I. Konnov
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN RU
Publicado:	MGIMO University Press 2014
Materias:	peer review science foundations global summit on merit review science policy u.s. national science foundation International relations JZ2-6530
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/981c9df24f3345fba8300201c9ff531a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:981c9df24f3345fba8300201c9ff531a2021-11-23T14:50:56ZPractical epistemology: the role of peer review in organizing scientific research2071-81602541-909910.24833/2071-8160-2014-1-34-198-207https://doaj.org/article/981c9df24f3345fba8300201c9ff531a2014-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/29https://doaj.org/toc/2071-8160https://doaj.org/toc/2541-9099The article considers peer review as the main procedure for demarcating scientific knowledge from other kinds thereof, which do not meet the criteria set for research results. The authors examine the history of peer review, which has first been used in early scientific journals and then has become one of the key approaches to distributing funds for research in science foundations, such as the U.S. National Science Foundation. The article also considers the role of peer review in the legal process, wherein observance of this procedure can be seen as the main criteria, which separates scientific evidence from mere testimony. The description of the main elements of the peer review procedure is based on the "Statement of principles for scientific merit review" the summary of the results of the Global Summit on Merit Review, which brought together heads of science funding organizations from more than 50 countries. The Statement listed the following principles: expert assessment, transparency, impartiality, appropriateness, confidentiality, integrity and ethical considerations. Although these principles are seen as a way to guarantee efficient peer review one has to consider the peculiarities of a particular research area, first of all the differences between social and natural sciences. Accordingly the article gives an overview of key traits of peer review in the social sciences and humanities. The authors also consider the main procedural elements - preparation of individual reviews, consideration by panels, anonymity of reviewers. Finally the article addresses the problems of peer review such as non-transparent process, elitism in selecting reviewers, conservativeness of decisions, and possible ways of handling these problems.A. V. ShestopalV. I. KonnovMGIMO University Pressarticlepeer reviewscience foundationsglobal summit on merit reviewscience policyu.s. national science foundationInternational relationsJZ2-6530ENRUVestnik MGIMO-Universiteta, Vol 0, Iss 1(34), Pp 198-207 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN RU
topic	peer review science foundations global summit on merit review science policy u.s. national science foundation International relations JZ2-6530
spellingShingle	peer review science foundations global summit on merit review science policy u.s. national science foundation International relations JZ2-6530 A. V. Shestopal V. I. Konnov Practical epistemology: the role of peer review in organizing scientific research
description	The article considers peer review as the main procedure for demarcating scientific knowledge from other kinds thereof, which do not meet the criteria set for research results. The authors examine the history of peer review, which has first been used in early scientific journals and then has become one of the key approaches to distributing funds for research in science foundations, such as the U.S. National Science Foundation. The article also considers the role of peer review in the legal process, wherein observance of this procedure can be seen as the main criteria, which separates scientific evidence from mere testimony. The description of the main elements of the peer review procedure is based on the "Statement of principles for scientific merit review" the summary of the results of the Global Summit on Merit Review, which brought together heads of science funding organizations from more than 50 countries. The Statement listed the following principles: expert assessment, transparency, impartiality, appropriateness, confidentiality, integrity and ethical considerations. Although these principles are seen as a way to guarantee efficient peer review one has to consider the peculiarities of a particular research area, first of all the differences between social and natural sciences. Accordingly the article gives an overview of key traits of peer review in the social sciences and humanities. The authors also consider the main procedural elements - preparation of individual reviews, consideration by panels, anonymity of reviewers. Finally the article addresses the problems of peer review such as non-transparent process, elitism in selecting reviewers, conservativeness of decisions, and possible ways of handling these problems.
format	article
author	A. V. Shestopal V. I. Konnov
author_facet	A. V. Shestopal V. I. Konnov
author_sort	A. V. Shestopal
title	Practical epistemology: the role of peer review in organizing scientific research
title_short	Practical epistemology: the role of peer review in organizing scientific research
title_full	Practical epistemology: the role of peer review in organizing scientific research
title_fullStr	Practical epistemology: the role of peer review in organizing scientific research
title_full_unstemmed	Practical epistemology: the role of peer review in organizing scientific research
title_sort	practical epistemology: the role of peer review in organizing scientific research
publisher	MGIMO University Press
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/981c9df24f3345fba8300201c9ff531a
work_keys_str_mv	AT avshestopal practicalepistemologytheroleofpeerreviewinorganizingscientificresearch AT vikonnov practicalepistemologytheroleofpeerreviewinorganizingscientificresearch
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Practical epistemology: the role of peer review in organizing scientific research

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