The Breast Tumor Microenvironment: Could Silicone Breast Implant Elicit Breast Carcinoma?

Eduardo Fleury,1 Cristiane Nimir,2 Gabriel Salum D’Alessandro3 1Service of Radiology, IBCC – Instituto Brasileiro de Controle do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; 2Service of Pathology, FEMME – Laboratório da Mulher, São Paulo, SP...

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Autores principales:	Fleury E, Nimir C, D'Alessandro GS
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (bia-alcl) breast implant illness (bii) silicone granuloma breast cancer breast implant tumor microenvironment (tme) immunology t cells Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9838d395600643bb9e8801cd4be30ae7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9838d395600643bb9e8801cd4be30ae72021-12-02T10:36:30ZThe Breast Tumor Microenvironment: Could Silicone Breast Implant Elicit Breast Carcinoma?1179-1314https://doaj.org/article/9838d395600643bb9e8801cd4be30ae72021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/the-breast-tumor-microenvironment-could-silicone-breast-implant-elicit-peer-reviewed-article-BCTThttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1314Eduardo Fleury,1 Cristiane Nimir,2 Gabriel Salum D’Alessandro3 1Service of Radiology, IBCC – Instituto Brasileiro de Controle do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; 2Service of Pathology, FEMME – Laboratório da Mulher, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; 3Service of Plastic Surgery, IBCC – Instituto Brasileiro de Controle do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, BrazilCorrespondence: Eduardo FleuryService of Radiology, IBCC – Instituto Brasileiro de Controle do Câncer, Rua Maestro Chiaffarelli, 409, São Paulo, SP ZIP 01432-030, BrazilEmail edufleury@hotmail.comAbstract: Complications related to breast implants have received much attention recently. Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma, silicone-induced granuloma of breast implant capsule, and breast implant illness are the main complications reported in the medical literature. However, the literature contains limited evidence regarding the possibility of silicone implants eliciting breast carcinoma. In this manuscript, we propose a theory in which the immune response to silicone breast implant gel bleeding acts as a triggering point for tumor oncogenesis in breast tissue. This hypothesis is derived from our findings of a case of invasive and undifferentiated medullary carcinoma in a patient with a silicone breast implant. The following concepts have been used to support this theory: 1) silicone bleeding from intact breast implants; 2) metaplasia: an adaptation to injury and precursor to dysplasia and cancer; 3) T-cell dysfunction in cancer immunity; 4) inhibitory cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME); 5) morphogenesis and bauplan; and 6) concepts underlying medullary carcinoma. We propose that the inflammatory process in response to silicone particles in the pericapsular glandular tissue favors the development of cellular mutations in specialized epithelial cells. This reverse morphogenesis could have resulted in breast carcinoma of the medullary type in the present case.Keywords: breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma, BIA-ALCL, breast implant illness, BII, silicone granuloma, breast cancer, breast implantFleury ENimir CD'Alessandro GSDove Medical Pressarticlebreast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (bia-alcl)breast implant illness (bii)silicone granulomabreast cancerbreast implanttumor microenvironment (tme)immunologyt cellsNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENBreast Cancer: Targets and Therapy, Vol Volume 13, Pp 45-58 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (bia-alcl) breast implant illness (bii) silicone granuloma breast cancer breast implant tumor microenvironment (tme) immunology t cells Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (bia-alcl) breast implant illness (bii) silicone granuloma breast cancer breast implant tumor microenvironment (tme) immunology t cells Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Fleury E Nimir C D'Alessandro GS The Breast Tumor Microenvironment: Could Silicone Breast Implant Elicit Breast Carcinoma?
description	Eduardo Fleury,1 Cristiane Nimir,2 Gabriel Salum D’Alessandro3 1Service of Radiology, IBCC – Instituto Brasileiro de Controle do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; 2Service of Pathology, FEMME – Laboratório da Mulher, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; 3Service of Plastic Surgery, IBCC – Instituto Brasileiro de Controle do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, BrazilCorrespondence: Eduardo FleuryService of Radiology, IBCC – Instituto Brasileiro de Controle do Câncer, Rua Maestro Chiaffarelli, 409, São Paulo, SP ZIP 01432-030, BrazilEmail edufleury@hotmail.comAbstract: Complications related to breast implants have received much attention recently. Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma, silicone-induced granuloma of breast implant capsule, and breast implant illness are the main complications reported in the medical literature. However, the literature contains limited evidence regarding the possibility of silicone implants eliciting breast carcinoma. In this manuscript, we propose a theory in which the immune response to silicone breast implant gel bleeding acts as a triggering point for tumor oncogenesis in breast tissue. This hypothesis is derived from our findings of a case of invasive and undifferentiated medullary carcinoma in a patient with a silicone breast implant. The following concepts have been used to support this theory: 1) silicone bleeding from intact breast implants; 2) metaplasia: an adaptation to injury and precursor to dysplasia and cancer; 3) T-cell dysfunction in cancer immunity; 4) inhibitory cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME); 5) morphogenesis and bauplan; and 6) concepts underlying medullary carcinoma. We propose that the inflammatory process in response to silicone particles in the pericapsular glandular tissue favors the development of cellular mutations in specialized epithelial cells. This reverse morphogenesis could have resulted in breast carcinoma of the medullary type in the present case.Keywords: breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma, BIA-ALCL, breast implant illness, BII, silicone granuloma, breast cancer, breast implant
format	article
author	Fleury E Nimir C D'Alessandro GS
author_facet	Fleury E Nimir C D'Alessandro GS
author_sort	Fleury E
title	The Breast Tumor Microenvironment: Could Silicone Breast Implant Elicit Breast Carcinoma?
title_short	The Breast Tumor Microenvironment: Could Silicone Breast Implant Elicit Breast Carcinoma?
title_full	The Breast Tumor Microenvironment: Could Silicone Breast Implant Elicit Breast Carcinoma?
title_fullStr	The Breast Tumor Microenvironment: Could Silicone Breast Implant Elicit Breast Carcinoma?
title_full_unstemmed	The Breast Tumor Microenvironment: Could Silicone Breast Implant Elicit Breast Carcinoma?
title_sort	breast tumor microenvironment: could silicone breast implant elicit breast carcinoma?
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9838d395600643bb9e8801cd4be30ae7
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The Breast Tumor Microenvironment: Could Silicone Breast Implant Elicit Breast Carcinoma?

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