A Review on the Synthesis and Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery Vehicle

Sundus Jabeen Amina,1 Bin Guo2 1Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan; 2Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USACorrespondence: Bin Guo; Sun...

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Autores principales:	Amina SJ, Guo B
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	gold nanoparticles drug delivery biological synthesis functionalization drug release Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/983ebd11b5784437928f90269262be3a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:983ebd11b5784437928f90269262be3a2021-12-02T10:39:20ZA Review on the Synthesis and Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery Vehicle1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/983ebd11b5784437928f90269262be3a2020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/a-review-on-the-synthesis-and-functionalization-of-gold-nanoparticles--peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Sundus Jabeen Amina,1 Bin Guo2 1Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan; 2Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USACorrespondence: Bin Guo; Sundus Jabeen Amina Email bguo@central.uh.edu; sundus.jabeenamina@gmail.comAbstract: Metal nanoparticles are being extensively used in biomedical fields due to their small size-to-volume ratio and extensive thermal stability. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are an obvious choice for biomedical applications due to their amenability of synthesis, stabilization, and functionalization, low toxicity, and ease of detection. In the past few decades, various chemical methods have been used for the synthesis of AuNPs, but recently, newer environment friendly green approaches for the synthesis of AuNPs have gained attention. AuNPs can be conjugated with a number of functionalizing moieties including ligands, therapeutic agents, DNA, amino acids, proteins, peptides, and oligonucleotides. Recently, studies have shown that gold nanoparticles not only infiltrate the blood vessels to reach the site of tumor but also enter inside the organelles, suggesting that they can be employed as effective drug carriers. Moreover, after reaching their target site, gold nanoparticles can release their payload upon an external or internal stimulus. This review focuses on recent advances in various methods of synthesis of AuNPs. In addition, strategies of functionalization and mechanisms of application of AuNPs in drug and bio-macromolecule delivery and release of payloads at target site are comprehensively discussed.Keywords: gold nanoparticles, drug delivery, biological synthesis, functionalization, drug releaseAmina SJGuo BDove Medical Pressarticlegold nanoparticlesdrug deliverybiological synthesisfunctionalizationdrug releaseMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 15, Pp 9823-9857 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	gold nanoparticles drug delivery biological synthesis functionalization drug release Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	gold nanoparticles drug delivery biological synthesis functionalization drug release Medicine (General) R5-920 Amina SJ Guo B A Review on the Synthesis and Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery Vehicle
description	Sundus Jabeen Amina,1 Bin Guo2 1Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan; 2Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USACorrespondence: Bin Guo; Sundus Jabeen Amina Email bguo@central.uh.edu; sundus.jabeenamina@gmail.comAbstract: Metal nanoparticles are being extensively used in biomedical fields due to their small size-to-volume ratio and extensive thermal stability. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are an obvious choice for biomedical applications due to their amenability of synthesis, stabilization, and functionalization, low toxicity, and ease of detection. In the past few decades, various chemical methods have been used for the synthesis of AuNPs, but recently, newer environment friendly green approaches for the synthesis of AuNPs have gained attention. AuNPs can be conjugated with a number of functionalizing moieties including ligands, therapeutic agents, DNA, amino acids, proteins, peptides, and oligonucleotides. Recently, studies have shown that gold nanoparticles not only infiltrate the blood vessels to reach the site of tumor but also enter inside the organelles, suggesting that they can be employed as effective drug carriers. Moreover, after reaching their target site, gold nanoparticles can release their payload upon an external or internal stimulus. This review focuses on recent advances in various methods of synthesis of AuNPs. In addition, strategies of functionalization and mechanisms of application of AuNPs in drug and bio-macromolecule delivery and release of payloads at target site are comprehensively discussed.Keywords: gold nanoparticles, drug delivery, biological synthesis, functionalization, drug release
format	article
author	Amina SJ Guo B
author_facet	Amina SJ Guo B
author_sort	Amina SJ
title	A Review on the Synthesis and Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery Vehicle
title_short	A Review on the Synthesis and Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery Vehicle
title_full	A Review on the Synthesis and Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery Vehicle
title_fullStr	A Review on the Synthesis and Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery Vehicle
title_full_unstemmed	A Review on the Synthesis and Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery Vehicle
title_sort	review on the synthesis and functionalization of gold nanoparticles as a drug delivery vehicle
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/983ebd11b5784437928f90269262be3a
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A Review on the Synthesis and Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery Vehicle

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