Predictors of the Therapeutic Response to Intralesional Bivalent HPV Vaccine in Wart Immunotherapy

Variable intralesional immunotherapies have recently been proposed as a means of achieving a successful eradication of recurrent and recalcitrant human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cutaneous and anogenital warts. The bivalent HPV vaccine is one of the newly proposed immunotherapeutic agents. We inve...

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Autores principales:	Noha M. Hammad, Ayman Marei, Gamal El-Didamony, Zeinb Mortada, Mona Elradi, Amira Hamed Mohamed Afifi, Heba M. Kadry
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	anogenital warts bivalent HPV vaccine cutaneous warts human papillomavirus interferon-gamma interleukin-4 Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/985580161e3340b19bae725f2a5fa47c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:985580161e3340b19bae725f2a5fa47c2021-11-25T19:10:53ZPredictors of the Therapeutic Response to Intralesional Bivalent HPV Vaccine in Wart Immunotherapy10.3390/vaccines91112802076-393Xhttps://doaj.org/article/985580161e3340b19bae725f2a5fa47c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/11/1280https://doaj.org/toc/2076-393XVariable intralesional immunotherapies have recently been proposed as a means of achieving a successful eradication of recurrent and recalcitrant human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cutaneous and anogenital warts. The bivalent HPV vaccine is one of the newly proposed immunotherapeutic agents. We investigated the role of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) as ex vivo immunologic predictors to estimate the response to the bivalent HPV vaccine as a potential immunotherapy for cutaneous and anogenital warts. Heparinized blood samples were withdrawn from forty patients with multiple recurrent recalcitrant cutaneous and anogenital warts and forty matched healthy control subjects. Whole blood cultures were prepared with and without bivalent HPV vaccine stimulation. Culture supernatants were harvested and stored for IL-4 and IFN-γ measurements using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A comparative analysis of IL-4 and IFN-γ levels in culture supernatants revealed a non-significant change between the patient and control groups. The bivalent HPV vaccine stimulated cultures exhibited a non-significant reduction in IL-4 levels within both groups. IFN-γ was markedly induced in both groups in response to bivalent HPV vaccine stimulation. The bivalent HPV vaccine can give a sensitive IFN-γ immune response ex vivo, superior to IL-4 and sufficient to predict both the successful eradication of HPV infection and the ultimate clearance of cutaneous and anogenital warts when the bivalent HPV vaccine immunotherapy is applied.Noha M. HammadAyman MareiGamal El-DidamonyZeinb MortadaMona ElradiAmira Hamed Mohamed AfifiHeba M. KadryMDPI AGarticleanogenital wartsbivalent HPV vaccinecutaneous wartshuman papillomavirusinterferon-gammainterleukin-4MedicineRENVaccines, Vol 9, Iss 1280, p 1280 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	anogenital warts bivalent HPV vaccine cutaneous warts human papillomavirus interferon-gamma interleukin-4 Medicine R
spellingShingle	anogenital warts bivalent HPV vaccine cutaneous warts human papillomavirus interferon-gamma interleukin-4 Medicine R Noha M. Hammad Ayman Marei Gamal El-Didamony Zeinb Mortada Mona Elradi Amira Hamed Mohamed Afifi Heba M. Kadry Predictors of the Therapeutic Response to Intralesional Bivalent HPV Vaccine in Wart Immunotherapy
description	Variable intralesional immunotherapies have recently been proposed as a means of achieving a successful eradication of recurrent and recalcitrant human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cutaneous and anogenital warts. The bivalent HPV vaccine is one of the newly proposed immunotherapeutic agents. We investigated the role of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) as ex vivo immunologic predictors to estimate the response to the bivalent HPV vaccine as a potential immunotherapy for cutaneous and anogenital warts. Heparinized blood samples were withdrawn from forty patients with multiple recurrent recalcitrant cutaneous and anogenital warts and forty matched healthy control subjects. Whole blood cultures were prepared with and without bivalent HPV vaccine stimulation. Culture supernatants were harvested and stored for IL-4 and IFN-γ measurements using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A comparative analysis of IL-4 and IFN-γ levels in culture supernatants revealed a non-significant change between the patient and control groups. The bivalent HPV vaccine stimulated cultures exhibited a non-significant reduction in IL-4 levels within both groups. IFN-γ was markedly induced in both groups in response to bivalent HPV vaccine stimulation. The bivalent HPV vaccine can give a sensitive IFN-γ immune response ex vivo, superior to IL-4 and sufficient to predict both the successful eradication of HPV infection and the ultimate clearance of cutaneous and anogenital warts when the bivalent HPV vaccine immunotherapy is applied.
format	article
author	Noha M. Hammad Ayman Marei Gamal El-Didamony Zeinb Mortada Mona Elradi Amira Hamed Mohamed Afifi Heba M. Kadry
author_facet	Noha M. Hammad Ayman Marei Gamal El-Didamony Zeinb Mortada Mona Elradi Amira Hamed Mohamed Afifi Heba M. Kadry
author_sort	Noha M. Hammad
title	Predictors of the Therapeutic Response to Intralesional Bivalent HPV Vaccine in Wart Immunotherapy
title_short	Predictors of the Therapeutic Response to Intralesional Bivalent HPV Vaccine in Wart Immunotherapy
title_full	Predictors of the Therapeutic Response to Intralesional Bivalent HPV Vaccine in Wart Immunotherapy
title_fullStr	Predictors of the Therapeutic Response to Intralesional Bivalent HPV Vaccine in Wart Immunotherapy
title_full_unstemmed	Predictors of the Therapeutic Response to Intralesional Bivalent HPV Vaccine in Wart Immunotherapy
title_sort	predictors of the therapeutic response to intralesional bivalent hpv vaccine in wart immunotherapy
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/985580161e3340b19bae725f2a5fa47c
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Predictors of the Therapeutic Response to Intralesional Bivalent HPV Vaccine in Wart Immunotherapy

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