Macrophages in microgravity: the impact of space on immune cells

Abstract The effects of a microgravity environment on the myriad types of immune cells present within the human body have been assessed both by bench-scale simulation and suborbital methods, as well as in true spaceflight. Macrophages have garnered increased research interest in this context in rece...

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Autores principales:	Christopher Ludtka, Justin Silberman, Erika Moore, Josephine B. Allen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Physiology QP1-981
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/98683414d1f14a969f96e4d8b603e678
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:98683414d1f14a969f96e4d8b603e6782021-12-02T18:17:51ZMacrophages in microgravity: the impact of space on immune cells10.1038/s41526-021-00141-z2373-8065https://doaj.org/article/98683414d1f14a969f96e4d8b603e6782021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-021-00141-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2373-8065Abstract The effects of a microgravity environment on the myriad types of immune cells present within the human body have been assessed both by bench-scale simulation and suborbital methods, as well as in true spaceflight. Macrophages have garnered increased research interest in this context in recent years. Their functionality in both immune response and tissue remodeling makes them a unique cell to investigate in regards to gravisensitive effects as well as parameters of interest that could impact astronaut health. Here, we review and summarize the literature investigating the effects of microgravity on macrophages and monocytes regarding the microgravity environment simulation/generation methods, cell sources, experiment durations, and parameters of interest utilized within the field. We discuss reported findings on the impacts of microgravity on macrophage/monocyte structure, adhesion and migration, proliferation, genetic expression, cytokine secretion, and reactive oxygen species production, as well as polarization. Based on this body of data, we make recommendations to the field for careful consideration of experimental design to complement existing reports, as the multitude of disparate study methods previously published can make drawing direct comparisons difficult. However, the breadth of different testing methodologies can also lend itself to attempting to identify the most robust and consistent responses to microgravity across various testing conditions.Christopher LudtkaJustin SilbermanErika MooreJosephine B. AllenNature PortfolioarticleBiotechnologyTP248.13-248.65PhysiologyQP1-981ENnpj Microgravity, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Physiology QP1-981
spellingShingle	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Physiology QP1-981 Christopher Ludtka Justin Silberman Erika Moore Josephine B. Allen Macrophages in microgravity: the impact of space on immune cells
description	Abstract The effects of a microgravity environment on the myriad types of immune cells present within the human body have been assessed both by bench-scale simulation and suborbital methods, as well as in true spaceflight. Macrophages have garnered increased research interest in this context in recent years. Their functionality in both immune response and tissue remodeling makes them a unique cell to investigate in regards to gravisensitive effects as well as parameters of interest that could impact astronaut health. Here, we review and summarize the literature investigating the effects of microgravity on macrophages and monocytes regarding the microgravity environment simulation/generation methods, cell sources, experiment durations, and parameters of interest utilized within the field. We discuss reported findings on the impacts of microgravity on macrophage/monocyte structure, adhesion and migration, proliferation, genetic expression, cytokine secretion, and reactive oxygen species production, as well as polarization. Based on this body of data, we make recommendations to the field for careful consideration of experimental design to complement existing reports, as the multitude of disparate study methods previously published can make drawing direct comparisons difficult. However, the breadth of different testing methodologies can also lend itself to attempting to identify the most robust and consistent responses to microgravity across various testing conditions.
format	article
author	Christopher Ludtka Justin Silberman Erika Moore Josephine B. Allen
author_facet	Christopher Ludtka Justin Silberman Erika Moore Josephine B. Allen
author_sort	Christopher Ludtka
title	Macrophages in microgravity: the impact of space on immune cells
title_short	Macrophages in microgravity: the impact of space on immune cells
title_full	Macrophages in microgravity: the impact of space on immune cells
title_fullStr	Macrophages in microgravity: the impact of space on immune cells
title_full_unstemmed	Macrophages in microgravity: the impact of space on immune cells
title_sort	macrophages in microgravity: the impact of space on immune cells
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/98683414d1f14a969f96e4d8b603e678
work_keys_str_mv	AT christopherludtka macrophagesinmicrogravitytheimpactofspaceonimmunecells AT justinsilberman macrophagesinmicrogravitytheimpactofspaceonimmunecells AT erikamoore macrophagesinmicrogravitytheimpactofspaceonimmunecells AT josephineballen macrophagesinmicrogravitytheimpactofspaceonimmunecells
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Macrophages in microgravity: the impact of space on immune cells

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