The Biochemistry of Sensing: Enteric Pathogens Regulate Type III Secretion in Response to Environmental and Host Cues

ABSTRACT Enteric pathogens employ sophisticated strategies to colonize and infect mammalian hosts. Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter jejuni, are among the leading causes of gastrointestinal tract infections worldwide. The virulence strategies of many of...

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Autores principales:	Nicole J. De Nisco, Giomar Rivera-Cancel, Kim Orth
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	T3SS cell signaling enteric pathogens environmental cues nutritional stress pathogenesis Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/986a9a34dfcd440a930df17d7ba0513e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:986a9a34dfcd440a930df17d7ba0513e2021-11-15T15:53:26ZThe Biochemistry of Sensing: Enteric Pathogens Regulate Type III Secretion in Response to Environmental and Host Cues10.1128/mBio.02122-172150-7511https://doaj.org/article/986a9a34dfcd440a930df17d7ba0513e2018-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02122-17https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Enteric pathogens employ sophisticated strategies to colonize and infect mammalian hosts. Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter jejuni, are among the leading causes of gastrointestinal tract infections worldwide. The virulence strategies of many of these Gram-negative pathogens rely on type III secretion systems (T3SSs), which are macromolecular syringes that translocate bacterial effector proteins directly into the host cytosol. However, synthesis of T3SS proteins comes at a cost to the bacterium in terms of growth rate and fitness, both in the environment and within the host. Therefore, expression of the T3SS must be tightly regulated to occur at the appropriate time and place during infection. Enteric pathogens have thus evolved regulatory mechanisms to control expression of their T3SSs in response to specific environmental and host cues. These regulatory cascades integrate multiple physical and chemical signals through complex transcriptional networks. Although the power of bacterial genetics has allowed elucidation of many of these networks, the biochemical interactions between signal and sensor that initiate the signaling cascade are often poorly understood. Here, we review the physical and chemical signals that Gram-negative enteric pathogens use to regulate T3SS expression during infection. We highlight the recent structural and functional studies that have elucidated the biochemical properties governing both the interaction between sensor and signal and the mechanisms of signal transduction from sensor to downstream transcriptional networks.Nicole J. De NiscoGiomar Rivera-CancelKim OrthAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleT3SScell signalingenteric pathogensenvironmental cuesnutritional stresspathogenesisMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 9, Iss 1 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	T3SS cell signaling enteric pathogens environmental cues nutritional stress pathogenesis Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	T3SS cell signaling enteric pathogens environmental cues nutritional stress pathogenesis Microbiology QR1-502 Nicole J. De Nisco Giomar Rivera-Cancel Kim Orth The Biochemistry of Sensing: Enteric Pathogens Regulate Type III Secretion in Response to Environmental and Host Cues
description	ABSTRACT Enteric pathogens employ sophisticated strategies to colonize and infect mammalian hosts. Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter jejuni, are among the leading causes of gastrointestinal tract infections worldwide. The virulence strategies of many of these Gram-negative pathogens rely on type III secretion systems (T3SSs), which are macromolecular syringes that translocate bacterial effector proteins directly into the host cytosol. However, synthesis of T3SS proteins comes at a cost to the bacterium in terms of growth rate and fitness, both in the environment and within the host. Therefore, expression of the T3SS must be tightly regulated to occur at the appropriate time and place during infection. Enteric pathogens have thus evolved regulatory mechanisms to control expression of their T3SSs in response to specific environmental and host cues. These regulatory cascades integrate multiple physical and chemical signals through complex transcriptional networks. Although the power of bacterial genetics has allowed elucidation of many of these networks, the biochemical interactions between signal and sensor that initiate the signaling cascade are often poorly understood. Here, we review the physical and chemical signals that Gram-negative enteric pathogens use to regulate T3SS expression during infection. We highlight the recent structural and functional studies that have elucidated the biochemical properties governing both the interaction between sensor and signal and the mechanisms of signal transduction from sensor to downstream transcriptional networks.
format	article
author	Nicole J. De Nisco Giomar Rivera-Cancel Kim Orth
author_facet	Nicole J. De Nisco Giomar Rivera-Cancel Kim Orth
author_sort	Nicole J. De Nisco
title	The Biochemistry of Sensing: Enteric Pathogens Regulate Type III Secretion in Response to Environmental and Host Cues
title_short	The Biochemistry of Sensing: Enteric Pathogens Regulate Type III Secretion in Response to Environmental and Host Cues
title_full	The Biochemistry of Sensing: Enteric Pathogens Regulate Type III Secretion in Response to Environmental and Host Cues
title_fullStr	The Biochemistry of Sensing: Enteric Pathogens Regulate Type III Secretion in Response to Environmental and Host Cues
title_full_unstemmed	The Biochemistry of Sensing: Enteric Pathogens Regulate Type III Secretion in Response to Environmental and Host Cues
title_sort	biochemistry of sensing: enteric pathogens regulate type iii secretion in response to environmental and host cues
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/986a9a34dfcd440a930df17d7ba0513e
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The Biochemistry of Sensing: Enteric Pathogens Regulate Type III Secretion in Response to Environmental and Host Cues

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