Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus Infection Decreases Milk Protein Synthesis by Preventing Amino Acid Uptake in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the main pathogens in cow mastitis, colonizing mammary tissues and being internalized into mammary epithelial cells, causing intracellular infection in the udder. Milk that is produced by cows that suffer from mastitis due to S. aureus is associated with d...

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Autores principales:	Yuhao Chen, Yuze Ma, Qiang Ji, Xiaoru Yang, Xue Feng, Ruiyuan Yao, Xiaoou Cheng, Tingting Li, Yanfeng Wang, Zhigang Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Staphylococcus aureus amino acid milk protein synthesis bovine mammary epithelial cells amino acid transporters mTORC1 Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/987c4e80089f4f88a8ffe35f65318d11
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:987c4e80089f4f88a8ffe35f65318d112021-11-16T06:36:53ZIntracellular Staphylococcus aureus Infection Decreases Milk Protein Synthesis by Preventing Amino Acid Uptake in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells2297-176910.3389/fvets.2021.756375https://doaj.org/article/987c4e80089f4f88a8ffe35f65318d112021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.756375/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2297-1769Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the main pathogens in cow mastitis, colonizing mammary tissues and being internalized into mammary epithelial cells, causing intracellular infection in the udder. Milk that is produced by cows that suffer from mastitis due to S. aureus is associated with decreased production and changes in protein composition. However, there is limited information on how mastitis-inducing bacteria affect raw milk, particularly with regard to protein content and protein composition. The main purpose of this work was to examine how S. aureus infection affects milk protein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). BMECs were infected with S. aureus, and milk protein and amino acid levels were determined by ELISA after S. aureus invasion. The activity of mTORC1 signaling and the transcription factors NF-κB and STAT5 and the expression of the amino acid transporters SLC1A3 and SLC7A5 were measured by western blot or immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR. S. aureus was internalized by BMECs in vitro, and the internalized bacteria underwent intracellular proliferation. Eight hours after S. aureus invasion, milk proteins were downregulated, and the level of BMECs that absorbed Glu, Asp, and Leu from the culture medium and the exogenous amino acids induced β-casein synthesis declined. Further, the activity of mTORC1 signaling, NF-κB, and STAT5 was impaired, and SLC1A3 and SLC7A5 were downregulated. Eight hours of treatment with 100 nM rapamycin inhibited NF-κB and STAT5 activity, SLC1A3 and SLC7A5 expression, and milk protein synthesis in BMECs. Thus mTORC1 regulates the expression of SLC1A3 and SLC7A5 through NF-κB and STAT5. These findings constitute a model by which S. aureus infection suppresses milk protein synthesis by decreasing amino acids uptake in BMECs.Yuhao ChenYuhao ChenYuze MaQiang JiXiaoru YangXue FengRuiyuan YaoXiaoou ChengTingting LiYanfeng WangZhigang WangFrontiers Media S.A.articleStaphylococcus aureusamino acidmilk protein synthesisbovine mammary epithelial cellsamino acid transportersmTORC1Veterinary medicineSF600-1100ENFrontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Staphylococcus aureus amino acid milk protein synthesis bovine mammary epithelial cells amino acid transporters mTORC1 Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	Staphylococcus aureus amino acid milk protein synthesis bovine mammary epithelial cells amino acid transporters mTORC1 Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Yuhao Chen Yuhao Chen Yuze Ma Qiang Ji Xiaoru Yang Xue Feng Ruiyuan Yao Xiaoou Cheng Tingting Li Yanfeng Wang Zhigang Wang Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus Infection Decreases Milk Protein Synthesis by Preventing Amino Acid Uptake in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells
description	Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the main pathogens in cow mastitis, colonizing mammary tissues and being internalized into mammary epithelial cells, causing intracellular infection in the udder. Milk that is produced by cows that suffer from mastitis due to S. aureus is associated with decreased production and changes in protein composition. However, there is limited information on how mastitis-inducing bacteria affect raw milk, particularly with regard to protein content and protein composition. The main purpose of this work was to examine how S. aureus infection affects milk protein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). BMECs were infected with S. aureus, and milk protein and amino acid levels were determined by ELISA after S. aureus invasion. The activity of mTORC1 signaling and the transcription factors NF-κB and STAT5 and the expression of the amino acid transporters SLC1A3 and SLC7A5 were measured by western blot or immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR. S. aureus was internalized by BMECs in vitro, and the internalized bacteria underwent intracellular proliferation. Eight hours after S. aureus invasion, milk proteins were downregulated, and the level of BMECs that absorbed Glu, Asp, and Leu from the culture medium and the exogenous amino acids induced β-casein synthesis declined. Further, the activity of mTORC1 signaling, NF-κB, and STAT5 was impaired, and SLC1A3 and SLC7A5 were downregulated. Eight hours of treatment with 100 nM rapamycin inhibited NF-κB and STAT5 activity, SLC1A3 and SLC7A5 expression, and milk protein synthesis in BMECs. Thus mTORC1 regulates the expression of SLC1A3 and SLC7A5 through NF-κB and STAT5. These findings constitute a model by which S. aureus infection suppresses milk protein synthesis by decreasing amino acids uptake in BMECs.
format	article
author	Yuhao Chen Yuhao Chen Yuze Ma Qiang Ji Xiaoru Yang Xue Feng Ruiyuan Yao Xiaoou Cheng Tingting Li Yanfeng Wang Zhigang Wang
author_facet	Yuhao Chen Yuhao Chen Yuze Ma Qiang Ji Xiaoru Yang Xue Feng Ruiyuan Yao Xiaoou Cheng Tingting Li Yanfeng Wang Zhigang Wang
author_sort	Yuhao Chen
title	Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus Infection Decreases Milk Protein Synthesis by Preventing Amino Acid Uptake in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells
title_short	Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus Infection Decreases Milk Protein Synthesis by Preventing Amino Acid Uptake in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells
title_full	Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus Infection Decreases Milk Protein Synthesis by Preventing Amino Acid Uptake in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells
title_fullStr	Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus Infection Decreases Milk Protein Synthesis by Preventing Amino Acid Uptake in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells
title_full_unstemmed	Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus Infection Decreases Milk Protein Synthesis by Preventing Amino Acid Uptake in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells
title_sort	intracellular staphylococcus aureus infection decreases milk protein synthesis by preventing amino acid uptake in bovine mammary epithelial cells
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/987c4e80089f4f88a8ffe35f65318d11
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Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus Infection Decreases Milk Protein Synthesis by Preventing Amino Acid Uptake in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

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