Mycotoxin exposure biomonitoring in breastfed and non-exclusively breastfed Nigerian children

A multi-specimen, multi-mycotoxin approach involving ultra-sensitive LC-MS/MS analysis of breast milk, complementary food and urine was applied to examine mycotoxin co-exposure in 65 infants, aged 1–18 months, in Ogun state, Nigeria. Aflatoxin M1 was detected in breast milk (4/22 (18%)), while six o...

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Autores principales:	Chibundu N. Ezekiel, Wilfred A. Abia, Dominik Braun, Bojan Šarkanj, Kolawole I. Ayeni, Oluwawapelumi A. Oyedele, Emmanuel C. Michael-Chikezie, Victoria C. Ezekiel, Beatrice N. Mark, Chinonso P. Ahuchaogu, Rudolf Krska, Michael Sulyok, Paul C. Turner, Benedikt Warth
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2022
Materias:	Children Biomarkers Breastmilk Environmental/Public Health Food Safety Mycotoxins Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9884de3ef28743db88d2878490d18cc5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9884de3ef28743db88d2878490d18cc52021-12-02T04:58:58ZMycotoxin exposure biomonitoring in breastfed and non-exclusively breastfed Nigerian children0160-412010.1016/j.envint.2021.106996https://doaj.org/article/9884de3ef28743db88d2878490d18cc52022-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412021006218https://doaj.org/toc/0160-4120A multi-specimen, multi-mycotoxin approach involving ultra-sensitive LC-MS/MS analysis of breast milk, complementary food and urine was applied to examine mycotoxin co-exposure in 65 infants, aged 1–18 months, in Ogun state, Nigeria. Aflatoxin M1 was detected in breast milk (4/22 (18%)), while six other classes of mycotoxins were quantified; including dihydrocitrinone (6/22 (27%); range: 14.0–59.7 ng/L) and sterigmatocystin (1/22 (5%); 1.2 ng/L) detected for the first time. Seven distinct classes of mycotoxins including aflatoxins (9/42 (21%); range: 1.0–16.2 µg/kg) and fumonisins (12/42 (29%); range: 7.9–194 µg/kg) contaminated complementary food. Mycotoxins covering seven distinct classes with diverse structures and modes of action were detected in 64/65 (99%) of the urine samples, demonstrating ubiquitous exposure. Two aflatoxin metabolites (AFM1 and AFQ1) and FB1 were detected in 6/65 (9%), 44/65 (68%) and 17/65 (26%) of urine samples, respectively. Mixtures of mycotoxin classes were common, including 22/22 (100%), 14/42 (33%) and 56/65 (86%) samples having 2–6, 2–4, or 2–6 mycotoxins present, for breast milk, complementary food and urine, respectively. Aflatoxin and/or fumonisin was detected in 4/22 (18%), 12/42 (29%) and 46/65 (71%) for breast milk, complimentary foods and urine, respectively. Furthermore, the detection frequency, median concentrations and occurrence of mixtures were typically greater in urine of non-exclusively breastfed compared to exclusively breastfed infants. The study provides novel insights into mycotoxin co-exposures in early-life. Albeit a small sample set, it highlights transition to higher levels of infant mycotoxin exposure as complementary foods are introduced, providing impetus to mitigate during this critical early-life period and encourage breastfeeding.Chibundu N. EzekielWilfred A. AbiaDominik BraunBojan ŠarkanjKolawole I. AyeniOluwawapelumi A. OyedeleEmmanuel C. Michael-ChikezieVictoria C. EzekielBeatrice N. MarkChinonso P. AhuchaoguRudolf KrskaMichael SulyokPaul C. TurnerBenedikt WarthElsevierarticleChildrenBiomarkersBreastmilkEnvironmental/Public HealthFood SafetyMycotoxinsEnvironmental sciencesGE1-350ENEnvironment International, Vol 158, Iss , Pp 106996- (2022)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Children Biomarkers Breastmilk Environmental/Public Health Food Safety Mycotoxins Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	Children Biomarkers Breastmilk Environmental/Public Health Food Safety Mycotoxins Environmental sciences GE1-350 Chibundu N. Ezekiel Wilfred A. Abia Dominik Braun Bojan Šarkanj Kolawole I. Ayeni Oluwawapelumi A. Oyedele Emmanuel C. Michael-Chikezie Victoria C. Ezekiel Beatrice N. Mark Chinonso P. Ahuchaogu Rudolf Krska Michael Sulyok Paul C. Turner Benedikt Warth Mycotoxin exposure biomonitoring in breastfed and non-exclusively breastfed Nigerian children
description	A multi-specimen, multi-mycotoxin approach involving ultra-sensitive LC-MS/MS analysis of breast milk, complementary food and urine was applied to examine mycotoxin co-exposure in 65 infants, aged 1–18 months, in Ogun state, Nigeria. Aflatoxin M1 was detected in breast milk (4/22 (18%)), while six other classes of mycotoxins were quantified; including dihydrocitrinone (6/22 (27%); range: 14.0–59.7 ng/L) and sterigmatocystin (1/22 (5%); 1.2 ng/L) detected for the first time. Seven distinct classes of mycotoxins including aflatoxins (9/42 (21%); range: 1.0–16.2 µg/kg) and fumonisins (12/42 (29%); range: 7.9–194 µg/kg) contaminated complementary food. Mycotoxins covering seven distinct classes with diverse structures and modes of action were detected in 64/65 (99%) of the urine samples, demonstrating ubiquitous exposure. Two aflatoxin metabolites (AFM1 and AFQ1) and FB1 were detected in 6/65 (9%), 44/65 (68%) and 17/65 (26%) of urine samples, respectively. Mixtures of mycotoxin classes were common, including 22/22 (100%), 14/42 (33%) and 56/65 (86%) samples having 2–6, 2–4, or 2–6 mycotoxins present, for breast milk, complementary food and urine, respectively. Aflatoxin and/or fumonisin was detected in 4/22 (18%), 12/42 (29%) and 46/65 (71%) for breast milk, complimentary foods and urine, respectively. Furthermore, the detection frequency, median concentrations and occurrence of mixtures were typically greater in urine of non-exclusively breastfed compared to exclusively breastfed infants. The study provides novel insights into mycotoxin co-exposures in early-life. Albeit a small sample set, it highlights transition to higher levels of infant mycotoxin exposure as complementary foods are introduced, providing impetus to mitigate during this critical early-life period and encourage breastfeeding.
format	article
author	Chibundu N. Ezekiel Wilfred A. Abia Dominik Braun Bojan Šarkanj Kolawole I. Ayeni Oluwawapelumi A. Oyedele Emmanuel C. Michael-Chikezie Victoria C. Ezekiel Beatrice N. Mark Chinonso P. Ahuchaogu Rudolf Krska Michael Sulyok Paul C. Turner Benedikt Warth
author_facet	Chibundu N. Ezekiel Wilfred A. Abia Dominik Braun Bojan Šarkanj Kolawole I. Ayeni Oluwawapelumi A. Oyedele Emmanuel C. Michael-Chikezie Victoria C. Ezekiel Beatrice N. Mark Chinonso P. Ahuchaogu Rudolf Krska Michael Sulyok Paul C. Turner Benedikt Warth
author_sort	Chibundu N. Ezekiel
title	Mycotoxin exposure biomonitoring in breastfed and non-exclusively breastfed Nigerian children
title_short	Mycotoxin exposure biomonitoring in breastfed and non-exclusively breastfed Nigerian children
title_full	Mycotoxin exposure biomonitoring in breastfed and non-exclusively breastfed Nigerian children
title_fullStr	Mycotoxin exposure biomonitoring in breastfed and non-exclusively breastfed Nigerian children
title_full_unstemmed	Mycotoxin exposure biomonitoring in breastfed and non-exclusively breastfed Nigerian children
title_sort	mycotoxin exposure biomonitoring in breastfed and non-exclusively breastfed nigerian children
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2022
url	https://doaj.org/article/9884de3ef28743db88d2878490d18cc5
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Mycotoxin exposure biomonitoring in breastfed and non-exclusively breastfed Nigerian children

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