Condition-Dependent Trade-Off Between Weapon Size and Immunity in Males of the European Earwig

Abstract Investigating the expression of trade-offs between key life-history functions is central to our understanding of how these functions evolved and are maintained. However, detecting trade-offs can be challenging due to variation in resource availability, which masks trade-offs at the populati...

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Autores principales:	Maximilian Körner, Fanny Vogelweith, Susanne Foitzik, Joël Meunier
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/98dbc170b36045ecbcf63ed12a581030
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:98dbc170b36045ecbcf63ed12a5810302021-12-02T12:32:39ZCondition-Dependent Trade-Off Between Weapon Size and Immunity in Males of the European Earwig10.1038/s41598-017-08339-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/98dbc170b36045ecbcf63ed12a5810302017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08339-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Investigating the expression of trade-offs between key life-history functions is central to our understanding of how these functions evolved and are maintained. However, detecting trade-offs can be challenging due to variation in resource availability, which masks trade-offs at the population level. Here, we investigated in the European earwig Forficula auricularia whether (1) weapon size trades off with three key immune parameters – hemocyte concentration, phenoloxidase and prophenoloxidase activity - and whether (2) expression and strength of these trade-offs depend on male body condition (body size) and/or change after an immune challenge. Our results partially confirmed condition dependent trade-offs between weapon size and immunity in male earwigs. Specifically, we found that after an immune challenge, weapon size trades off with hemocyte concentrations in low-condition, but not in good-condition males. Contrastingly, weapon size was independent of pre-challenge hemocyte concentration. We also found no trade-off between weapon size and phenoloxidase activity, independent of body condition and immune challenge. Overall, our study reveals that trade-offs with sexual traits may weaken or disappear in good-condition individuals. Given the importance of weapon size for male reproductive success, our results highlight how low-condition individuals may employ alternative life-history investment strategies to cope with resource limitation.Maximilian KörnerFanny VogelweithSusanne FoitzikJoël MeunierNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Maximilian Körner Fanny Vogelweith Susanne Foitzik Joël Meunier Condition-Dependent Trade-Off Between Weapon Size and Immunity in Males of the European Earwig
description	Abstract Investigating the expression of trade-offs between key life-history functions is central to our understanding of how these functions evolved and are maintained. However, detecting trade-offs can be challenging due to variation in resource availability, which masks trade-offs at the population level. Here, we investigated in the European earwig Forficula auricularia whether (1) weapon size trades off with three key immune parameters – hemocyte concentration, phenoloxidase and prophenoloxidase activity - and whether (2) expression and strength of these trade-offs depend on male body condition (body size) and/or change after an immune challenge. Our results partially confirmed condition dependent trade-offs between weapon size and immunity in male earwigs. Specifically, we found that after an immune challenge, weapon size trades off with hemocyte concentrations in low-condition, but not in good-condition males. Contrastingly, weapon size was independent of pre-challenge hemocyte concentration. We also found no trade-off between weapon size and phenoloxidase activity, independent of body condition and immune challenge. Overall, our study reveals that trade-offs with sexual traits may weaken or disappear in good-condition individuals. Given the importance of weapon size for male reproductive success, our results highlight how low-condition individuals may employ alternative life-history investment strategies to cope with resource limitation.
format	article
author	Maximilian Körner Fanny Vogelweith Susanne Foitzik Joël Meunier
author_facet	Maximilian Körner Fanny Vogelweith Susanne Foitzik Joël Meunier
author_sort	Maximilian Körner
title	Condition-Dependent Trade-Off Between Weapon Size and Immunity in Males of the European Earwig
title_short	Condition-Dependent Trade-Off Between Weapon Size and Immunity in Males of the European Earwig
title_full	Condition-Dependent Trade-Off Between Weapon Size and Immunity in Males of the European Earwig
title_fullStr	Condition-Dependent Trade-Off Between Weapon Size and Immunity in Males of the European Earwig
title_full_unstemmed	Condition-Dependent Trade-Off Between Weapon Size and Immunity in Males of the European Earwig
title_sort	condition-dependent trade-off between weapon size and immunity in males of the european earwig
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/98dbc170b36045ecbcf63ed12a581030
work_keys_str_mv	AT maximiliankorner conditiondependenttradeoffbetweenweaponsizeandimmunityinmalesoftheeuropeanearwig AT fannyvogelweith conditiondependenttradeoffbetweenweaponsizeandimmunityinmalesoftheeuropeanearwig AT susannefoitzik conditiondependenttradeoffbetweenweaponsizeandimmunityinmalesoftheeuropeanearwig AT joelmeunier conditiondependenttradeoffbetweenweaponsizeandimmunityinmalesoftheeuropeanearwig
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Condition-Dependent Trade-Off Between Weapon Size and Immunity in Males of the European Earwig

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