Smart and Biomimetic 3D and 4D Printed Composite Hydrogels: Opportunities for Different Biomedical Applications

In recent years, smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels have drawn tremendous attention for their varied applications, mainly in the biomedical field. These hydrogels are derived from different natural and synthetic polymers but are also composite with various organic and nano-organic fillers. The basic...

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Autores principales:	Samira Malekmohammadi, Negar Sedghi Aminabad, Amin Sabzi, Amir Zarebkohan, Mehdi Razavi, Massoud Vosough, Mahdi Bodaghi, Hajar Maleki
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	stimuli-responsive hydrogels 3D and 4D printing tissue engineering drug delivery wound dressing nanoelectronics Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/98e4d9f536e2463cbf729e82e4d3581b
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:98e4d9f536e2463cbf729e82e4d3581b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:98e4d9f536e2463cbf729e82e4d3581b2021-11-25T16:48:43ZSmart and Biomimetic 3D and 4D Printed Composite Hydrogels: Opportunities for Different Biomedical Applications10.3390/biomedicines91115372227-9059https://doaj.org/article/98e4d9f536e2463cbf729e82e4d3581b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/11/1537https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9059In recent years, smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels have drawn tremendous attention for their varied applications, mainly in the biomedical field. These hydrogels are derived from different natural and synthetic polymers but are also composite with various organic and nano-organic fillers. The basic functions of smart hydrogels rely on their ability to change behavior; functions include mechanical, swelling, shaping, hydrophilicity, and bioactivity in response to external stimuli such as temperature, pH, magnetic field, electromagnetic radiation, and biological molecules. Depending on the final applications, smart hydrogels can be processed in different geometries and modalities to meet the complicated situations in biological media, namely, injectable hydrogels (following the sol-gel transition), colloidal nano and microgels, and three dimensional (3D) printed gel constructs. In recent decades smart hydrogels have opened a new horizon for scientists to fabricate biomimetic customized biomaterials for tissue engineering, cancer therapy, wound dressing, soft robotic actuators, and controlled release of bioactive substances/drugs. Remarkably, 4D bioprinting, a newly emerged technology/concept, aims to rationally design 3D patterned biological matrices from synthesized hydrogel-based inks with the ability to change structure under stimuli. This technology has enlarged the applicability of engineered smart hydrogels and hydrogel composites in biomedical fields. This paper aims to review stimuli-responsive hydrogels according to the kinds of external changes and t recent applications in biomedical and 4D bioprinting.Samira MalekmohammadiNegar Sedghi AminabadAmin SabziAmir ZarebkohanMehdi RazaviMassoud VosoughMahdi BodaghiHajar MalekiMDPI AGarticlestimuli-responsive hydrogels3D and 4D printingtissue engineeringdrug deliverywound dressingnanoelectronicsBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiomedicines, Vol 9, Iss 1537, p 1537 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	stimuli-responsive hydrogels 3D and 4D printing tissue engineering drug delivery wound dressing nanoelectronics Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	stimuli-responsive hydrogels 3D and 4D printing tissue engineering drug delivery wound dressing nanoelectronics Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Samira Malekmohammadi Negar Sedghi Aminabad Amin Sabzi Amir Zarebkohan Mehdi Razavi Massoud Vosough Mahdi Bodaghi Hajar Maleki Smart and Biomimetic 3D and 4D Printed Composite Hydrogels: Opportunities for Different Biomedical Applications
description	In recent years, smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels have drawn tremendous attention for their varied applications, mainly in the biomedical field. These hydrogels are derived from different natural and synthetic polymers but are also composite with various organic and nano-organic fillers. The basic functions of smart hydrogels rely on their ability to change behavior; functions include mechanical, swelling, shaping, hydrophilicity, and bioactivity in response to external stimuli such as temperature, pH, magnetic field, electromagnetic radiation, and biological molecules. Depending on the final applications, smart hydrogels can be processed in different geometries and modalities to meet the complicated situations in biological media, namely, injectable hydrogels (following the sol-gel transition), colloidal nano and microgels, and three dimensional (3D) printed gel constructs. In recent decades smart hydrogels have opened a new horizon for scientists to fabricate biomimetic customized biomaterials for tissue engineering, cancer therapy, wound dressing, soft robotic actuators, and controlled release of bioactive substances/drugs. Remarkably, 4D bioprinting, a newly emerged technology/concept, aims to rationally design 3D patterned biological matrices from synthesized hydrogel-based inks with the ability to change structure under stimuli. This technology has enlarged the applicability of engineered smart hydrogels and hydrogel composites in biomedical fields. This paper aims to review stimuli-responsive hydrogels according to the kinds of external changes and t recent applications in biomedical and 4D bioprinting.
format	article
author	Samira Malekmohammadi Negar Sedghi Aminabad Amin Sabzi Amir Zarebkohan Mehdi Razavi Massoud Vosough Mahdi Bodaghi Hajar Maleki
author_facet	Samira Malekmohammadi Negar Sedghi Aminabad Amin Sabzi Amir Zarebkohan Mehdi Razavi Massoud Vosough Mahdi Bodaghi Hajar Maleki
author_sort	Samira Malekmohammadi
title	Smart and Biomimetic 3D and 4D Printed Composite Hydrogels: Opportunities for Different Biomedical Applications
title_short	Smart and Biomimetic 3D and 4D Printed Composite Hydrogels: Opportunities for Different Biomedical Applications
title_full	Smart and Biomimetic 3D and 4D Printed Composite Hydrogels: Opportunities for Different Biomedical Applications
title_fullStr	Smart and Biomimetic 3D and 4D Printed Composite Hydrogels: Opportunities for Different Biomedical Applications
title_full_unstemmed	Smart and Biomimetic 3D and 4D Printed Composite Hydrogels: Opportunities for Different Biomedical Applications
title_sort	smart and biomimetic 3d and 4d printed composite hydrogels: opportunities for different biomedical applications
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/98e4d9f536e2463cbf729e82e4d3581b
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_version_	1718412971521081344

Smart and Biomimetic 3D and 4D Printed Composite Hydrogels: Opportunities for Different Biomedical Applications

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