High karyotypic variation in Orthemis Hagen, 1861 species, with insights about the neo-XY in Orthemis ambinigra Calvert, 1909 (Libellulidae, Odonata)

The American dragonfly genus Orthemis Hagen, 1861 is mainly found in the Neotropical region. Seven of 28 taxonomically described species have been reported from Argentina. Chromosome studies performed on this genus showed a wide variation in chromosome number and a high frequency of the neoXY chromo...

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Autores principales:	Liliana M. Mola, María Florencia Fourastié, Silvia Susana Agopian
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Pensoft Publishers 2021
Materias:	Genetics QH426-470
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/98e933bd49364a23a54b8ead0132d4ec
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:98e933bd49364a23a54b8ead0132d4ec2021-11-05T04:30:23ZHigh karyotypic variation in Orthemis Hagen, 1861 species, with insights about the neo-XY in Orthemis ambinigra Calvert, 1909 (Libellulidae, Odonata)10.3897/CompCytogen.v15.i4.687611993-078Xhttps://doaj.org/article/98e933bd49364a23a54b8ead0132d4ec2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/68761/download/pdf/https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/68761/download/xml/https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/68761/https://doaj.org/toc/1993-078XThe American dragonfly genus Orthemis Hagen, 1861 is mainly found in the Neotropical region. Seven of 28 taxonomically described species have been reported from Argentina. Chromosome studies performed on this genus showed a wide variation in chromosome number and a high frequency of the neoXY chromosomal sex-determination system, although the sexual pair was not observed in all cases. This work analyzes the spermatogenesis of Orthemis discolor (Burmeister, 1839), O. nodiplaga Karsch, 1891 and O. ambinigra Calvert, 1909 in individuals from the provinces of Misiones and Buenos Aires, Argentina. Orthemis discolor has 2n=23, n=11+X and one larger bivalent. Orthemis nodiplaga exhibits the largest chromosome number of the order, 2n=41, n=20+X and small chromosomes. Orthemis ambinigra shows a reduced complement, 2n=12, n=5+neo-XY, large-sized chromosomes, and a homomorphic sex bivalent. Fusions and fragmentations are the main evolutionary mechanisms in Odonata, as well as in other organisms with holokinetic chromosomes. Orthemis nodiplaga would have originated by nine autosomal fragmentations from the ancestral karyotype of the genus (2n=22A+X in males). We argue that the diploid number 23 in Orthemis has a secondary origin from the ancestral karyotype of family Libellulidae (2n=25). The complement of O. ambinigra would have arisen from five autosomal fusions and the insertion of the X chromosome into a fused autosome. C-banding and DAPI/CMA3 staining allowed the identification of the sexual bivalent, which revealed the presence of constitutive heterochromatin. We propose that the chromosome with intermediate C-staining intensity and three medial heterochromatic regions corresponds to the neo-Y and that the neo-system of this species has an ancient evolutionary origin. Moreover, we discuss on the mechanisms involved in the karyotypic evolution of this genus, the characteristics of the neo sex-determining systems and the patterns of heterochromatin distribution, quantity and base pair richness.Liliana M. MolaMaría Florencia FourastiéSilvia Susana AgopianPensoft PublishersarticleGeneticsQH426-470ENComparative Cytogenetics, Vol 15, Iss 4, Pp 355-374 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Genetics QH426-470
spellingShingle	Genetics QH426-470 Liliana M. Mola María Florencia Fourastié Silvia Susana Agopian High karyotypic variation in Orthemis Hagen, 1861 species, with insights about the neo-XY in Orthemis ambinigra Calvert, 1909 (Libellulidae, Odonata)
description	The American dragonfly genus Orthemis Hagen, 1861 is mainly found in the Neotropical region. Seven of 28 taxonomically described species have been reported from Argentina. Chromosome studies performed on this genus showed a wide variation in chromosome number and a high frequency of the neoXY chromosomal sex-determination system, although the sexual pair was not observed in all cases. This work analyzes the spermatogenesis of Orthemis discolor (Burmeister, 1839), O. nodiplaga Karsch, 1891 and O. ambinigra Calvert, 1909 in individuals from the provinces of Misiones and Buenos Aires, Argentina. Orthemis discolor has 2n=23, n=11+X and one larger bivalent. Orthemis nodiplaga exhibits the largest chromosome number of the order, 2n=41, n=20+X and small chromosomes. Orthemis ambinigra shows a reduced complement, 2n=12, n=5+neo-XY, large-sized chromosomes, and a homomorphic sex bivalent. Fusions and fragmentations are the main evolutionary mechanisms in Odonata, as well as in other organisms with holokinetic chromosomes. Orthemis nodiplaga would have originated by nine autosomal fragmentations from the ancestral karyotype of the genus (2n=22A+X in males). We argue that the diploid number 23 in Orthemis has a secondary origin from the ancestral karyotype of family Libellulidae (2n=25). The complement of O. ambinigra would have arisen from five autosomal fusions and the insertion of the X chromosome into a fused autosome. C-banding and DAPI/CMA3 staining allowed the identification of the sexual bivalent, which revealed the presence of constitutive heterochromatin. We propose that the chromosome with intermediate C-staining intensity and three medial heterochromatic regions corresponds to the neo-Y and that the neo-system of this species has an ancient evolutionary origin. Moreover, we discuss on the mechanisms involved in the karyotypic evolution of this genus, the characteristics of the neo sex-determining systems and the patterns of heterochromatin distribution, quantity and base pair richness.
format	article
author	Liliana M. Mola María Florencia Fourastié Silvia Susana Agopian
author_facet	Liliana M. Mola María Florencia Fourastié Silvia Susana Agopian
author_sort	Liliana M. Mola
title	High karyotypic variation in Orthemis Hagen, 1861 species, with insights about the neo-XY in Orthemis ambinigra Calvert, 1909 (Libellulidae, Odonata)
title_short	High karyotypic variation in Orthemis Hagen, 1861 species, with insights about the neo-XY in Orthemis ambinigra Calvert, 1909 (Libellulidae, Odonata)
title_full	High karyotypic variation in Orthemis Hagen, 1861 species, with insights about the neo-XY in Orthemis ambinigra Calvert, 1909 (Libellulidae, Odonata)
title_fullStr	High karyotypic variation in Orthemis Hagen, 1861 species, with insights about the neo-XY in Orthemis ambinigra Calvert, 1909 (Libellulidae, Odonata)
title_full_unstemmed	High karyotypic variation in Orthemis Hagen, 1861 species, with insights about the neo-XY in Orthemis ambinigra Calvert, 1909 (Libellulidae, Odonata)
title_sort	high karyotypic variation in orthemis hagen, 1861 species, with insights about the neo-xy in orthemis ambinigra calvert, 1909 (libellulidae, odonata)
publisher	Pensoft Publishers
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/98e933bd49364a23a54b8ead0132d4ec
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High karyotypic variation in Orthemis Hagen, 1861 species, with insights about the neo-XY in Orthemis ambinigra Calvert, 1909 (Libellulidae, Odonata)

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