Geomechanical simulation of energy storage in salt formations

Abstract A promising option for storing large-scale quantities of green gases (e.g., hydrogen) is in subsurface rock salt caverns. The mechanical performance of salt caverns utilized for long-term subsurface energy storage plays a significant role in long-term stability and serviceability. However,...

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Autores principales:	Kishan Ramesh Kumar, Artur Makhmutov, Christopher J. Spiers, Hadi Hajibeygi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/99100983c2a546c99cc59f2e98f1c31a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:99100983c2a546c99cc59f2e98f1c31a2021-12-02T19:16:11ZGeomechanical simulation of energy storage in salt formations10.1038/s41598-021-99161-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/99100983c2a546c99cc59f2e98f1c31a2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99161-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract A promising option for storing large-scale quantities of green gases (e.g., hydrogen) is in subsurface rock salt caverns. The mechanical performance of salt caverns utilized for long-term subsurface energy storage plays a significant role in long-term stability and serviceability. However, rock salt undergoes non-linear creep deformation due to long-term loading caused by subsurface storage. Salt caverns have complex geometries and the geological domain surrounding salt caverns has a vast amount of material heterogeneity. To safely store gases in caverns, a thorough analysis of the geological domain becomes crucial. To date, few studies have attempted to analyze the influence of geometrical and material heterogeneity on the state of stress in salt caverns subjected to long-term loading. In this work, we present a rigorous and systematic modeling study to quantify the impact of heterogeneity on the deformation of salt caverns and quantify the state of stress around the caverns. A 2D finite element simulator was developed to consistently account for the non-linear creep deformation and also to model tertiary creep. The computational scheme was benchmarked with the already existing experimental study. The impact of cyclic loading on the cavern was studied considering maximum and minimum pressure that depends on lithostatic pressure. The influence of geometric heterogeneity such as irregularly-shaped caverns and material heterogeneity, which involves different elastic and creep properties of the different materials in the geological domain, is rigorously studied and quantified. Moreover, multi-cavern simulations are conducted to investigate the influence of a cavern on the adjacent caverns. An elaborate sensitivity analysis of parameters involved with creep and damage constitutive laws is performed to understand the influence of creep and damage on deformation and stress evolution around the salt cavern configurations. The simulator developed in this work is publicly available at https://gitlab.tudelft.nl/ADMIRE_Public/Salt_Cavern .Kishan Ramesh KumarArtur MakhmutovChristopher J. SpiersHadi HajibeygiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-24 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Kishan Ramesh Kumar Artur Makhmutov Christopher J. Spiers Hadi Hajibeygi Geomechanical simulation of energy storage in salt formations
description	Abstract A promising option for storing large-scale quantities of green gases (e.g., hydrogen) is in subsurface rock salt caverns. The mechanical performance of salt caverns utilized for long-term subsurface energy storage plays a significant role in long-term stability and serviceability. However, rock salt undergoes non-linear creep deformation due to long-term loading caused by subsurface storage. Salt caverns have complex geometries and the geological domain surrounding salt caverns has a vast amount of material heterogeneity. To safely store gases in caverns, a thorough analysis of the geological domain becomes crucial. To date, few studies have attempted to analyze the influence of geometrical and material heterogeneity on the state of stress in salt caverns subjected to long-term loading. In this work, we present a rigorous and systematic modeling study to quantify the impact of heterogeneity on the deformation of salt caverns and quantify the state of stress around the caverns. A 2D finite element simulator was developed to consistently account for the non-linear creep deformation and also to model tertiary creep. The computational scheme was benchmarked with the already existing experimental study. The impact of cyclic loading on the cavern was studied considering maximum and minimum pressure that depends on lithostatic pressure. The influence of geometric heterogeneity such as irregularly-shaped caverns and material heterogeneity, which involves different elastic and creep properties of the different materials in the geological domain, is rigorously studied and quantified. Moreover, multi-cavern simulations are conducted to investigate the influence of a cavern on the adjacent caverns. An elaborate sensitivity analysis of parameters involved with creep and damage constitutive laws is performed to understand the influence of creep and damage on deformation and stress evolution around the salt cavern configurations. The simulator developed in this work is publicly available at https://gitlab.tudelft.nl/ADMIRE_Public/Salt_Cavern .
format	article
author	Kishan Ramesh Kumar Artur Makhmutov Christopher J. Spiers Hadi Hajibeygi
author_facet	Kishan Ramesh Kumar Artur Makhmutov Christopher J. Spiers Hadi Hajibeygi
author_sort	Kishan Ramesh Kumar
title	Geomechanical simulation of energy storage in salt formations
title_short	Geomechanical simulation of energy storage in salt formations
title_full	Geomechanical simulation of energy storage in salt formations
title_fullStr	Geomechanical simulation of energy storage in salt formations
title_full_unstemmed	Geomechanical simulation of energy storage in salt formations
title_sort	geomechanical simulation of energy storage in salt formations
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/99100983c2a546c99cc59f2e98f1c31a
work_keys_str_mv	AT kishanrameshkumar geomechanicalsimulationofenergystorageinsaltformations AT arturmakhmutov geomechanicalsimulationofenergystorageinsaltformations AT christopherjspiers geomechanicalsimulationofenergystorageinsaltformations AT hadihajibeygi geomechanicalsimulationofenergystorageinsaltformations
_version_	1718376987507032064

Geomechanical simulation of energy storage in salt formations

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