Extracellular Electron Transfer Powers <named-content content-type="genus-species">Enterococcus faecalis</named-content> Biofilm Metabolism

ABSTRACT Enterococci are important human commensals and significant opportunistic pathogens. Biofilm-related enterococcal infections, such as endocarditis, urinary tract infections, wound and surgical site infections, and medical device-associated infections, often become chronic upon the formation...

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Autores principales:	Damien Keogh, Ling Ning Lam, Lucinda E. Doyle, Artur Matysik, Shruti Pavagadhi, Shivshankar Umashankar, Pui Man Low, Jennifer L. Dale, Yiyang Song, Sean Pin Ng, Chris B. Boothroyd, Gary M. Dunny, Sanjay Swarup, Rohan B. H. Williams, Enrico Marsili, Kimberly A. Kline
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	Enterococcus faecalis biofilm extracellular electron transfer iron metabolism Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/99197a56cd094425a199d1639eb5b6d4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:99197a56cd094425a199d1639eb5b6d42021-11-15T15:53:27ZExtracellular Electron Transfer Powers <named-content content-type="genus-species">Enterococcus faecalis</named-content> Biofilm Metabolism10.1128/mBio.00626-172150-7511https://doaj.org/article/99197a56cd094425a199d1639eb5b6d42018-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00626-17https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Enterococci are important human commensals and significant opportunistic pathogens. Biofilm-related enterococcal infections, such as endocarditis, urinary tract infections, wound and surgical site infections, and medical device-associated infections, often become chronic upon the formation of biofilm. The biofilm matrix establishes properties that distinguish this state from free-living bacterial cells and increase tolerance to antimicrobial interventions. The metabolic versatility of the enterococci is reflected in the diversity and complexity of environments and communities in which they thrive. Understanding metabolic factors governing colonization and persistence in different host niches can reveal factors influencing the transition to biofilm pathogenicity. Here, we report a form of iron-dependent metabolism for Enterococcus faecalis where, in the absence of heme, extracellular electron transfer (EET) and increased ATP production augment biofilm growth. We observe alterations in biofilm matrix depth and composition during iron-augmented biofilm growth. We show that the ldh gene encoding l-lactate dehydrogenase is required for iron-augmented energy production and biofilm formation and promotes EET. IMPORTANCE Bacterial metabolic versatility can often influence the outcome of host-pathogen interactions, yet causes of metabolic shifts are difficult to resolve. The bacterial biofilm matrix provides the structural and functional support that distinguishes this state from free-living bacterial cells. Here, we show that the biofilm matrix can immobilize iron, providing access to this growth-promoting resource which is otherwise inaccessible in the planktonic state. Our data show that in the absence of heme, Enterococcus faecalis l-lactate dehydrogenase promotes EET and uses matrix-associated iron to carry out EET. Therefore, the presence of iron within the biofilm matrix leads to enhanced biofilm growth.Damien KeoghLing Ning LamLucinda E. DoyleArtur MatysikShruti PavagadhiShivshankar UmashankarPui Man LowJennifer L. DaleYiyang SongSean Pin NgChris B. BoothroydGary M. DunnySanjay SwarupRohan B. H. WilliamsEnrico MarsiliKimberly A. KlineAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleEnterococcus faecalisbiofilmextracellular electron transferironmetabolismMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 9, Iss 2 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Enterococcus faecalis biofilm extracellular electron transfer iron metabolism Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Enterococcus faecalis biofilm extracellular electron transfer iron metabolism Microbiology QR1-502 Damien Keogh Ling Ning Lam Lucinda E. Doyle Artur Matysik Shruti Pavagadhi Shivshankar Umashankar Pui Man Low Jennifer L. Dale Yiyang Song Sean Pin Ng Chris B. Boothroyd Gary M. Dunny Sanjay Swarup Rohan B. H. Williams Enrico Marsili Kimberly A. Kline Extracellular Electron Transfer Powers <named-content content-type="genus-species">Enterococcus faecalis</named-content> Biofilm Metabolism
description	ABSTRACT Enterococci are important human commensals and significant opportunistic pathogens. Biofilm-related enterococcal infections, such as endocarditis, urinary tract infections, wound and surgical site infections, and medical device-associated infections, often become chronic upon the formation of biofilm. The biofilm matrix establishes properties that distinguish this state from free-living bacterial cells and increase tolerance to antimicrobial interventions. The metabolic versatility of the enterococci is reflected in the diversity and complexity of environments and communities in which they thrive. Understanding metabolic factors governing colonization and persistence in different host niches can reveal factors influencing the transition to biofilm pathogenicity. Here, we report a form of iron-dependent metabolism for Enterococcus faecalis where, in the absence of heme, extracellular electron transfer (EET) and increased ATP production augment biofilm growth. We observe alterations in biofilm matrix depth and composition during iron-augmented biofilm growth. We show that the ldh gene encoding l-lactate dehydrogenase is required for iron-augmented energy production and biofilm formation and promotes EET. IMPORTANCE Bacterial metabolic versatility can often influence the outcome of host-pathogen interactions, yet causes of metabolic shifts are difficult to resolve. The bacterial biofilm matrix provides the structural and functional support that distinguishes this state from free-living bacterial cells. Here, we show that the biofilm matrix can immobilize iron, providing access to this growth-promoting resource which is otherwise inaccessible in the planktonic state. Our data show that in the absence of heme, Enterococcus faecalis l-lactate dehydrogenase promotes EET and uses matrix-associated iron to carry out EET. Therefore, the presence of iron within the biofilm matrix leads to enhanced biofilm growth.
format	article
author	Damien Keogh Ling Ning Lam Lucinda E. Doyle Artur Matysik Shruti Pavagadhi Shivshankar Umashankar Pui Man Low Jennifer L. Dale Yiyang Song Sean Pin Ng Chris B. Boothroyd Gary M. Dunny Sanjay Swarup Rohan B. H. Williams Enrico Marsili Kimberly A. Kline
author_facet	Damien Keogh Ling Ning Lam Lucinda E. Doyle Artur Matysik Shruti Pavagadhi Shivshankar Umashankar Pui Man Low Jennifer L. Dale Yiyang Song Sean Pin Ng Chris B. Boothroyd Gary M. Dunny Sanjay Swarup Rohan B. H. Williams Enrico Marsili Kimberly A. Kline
author_sort	Damien Keogh
title	Extracellular Electron Transfer Powers <named-content content-type="genus-species">Enterococcus faecalis</named-content> Biofilm Metabolism
title_short	Extracellular Electron Transfer Powers <named-content content-type="genus-species">Enterococcus faecalis</named-content> Biofilm Metabolism
title_full	Extracellular Electron Transfer Powers <named-content content-type="genus-species">Enterococcus faecalis</named-content> Biofilm Metabolism
title_fullStr	Extracellular Electron Transfer Powers <named-content content-type="genus-species">Enterococcus faecalis</named-content> Biofilm Metabolism
title_full_unstemmed	Extracellular Electron Transfer Powers <named-content content-type="genus-species">Enterococcus faecalis</named-content> Biofilm Metabolism
title_sort	extracellular electron transfer powers <named-content content-type="genus-species">enterococcus faecalis</named-content> biofilm metabolism
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/99197a56cd094425a199d1639eb5b6d4
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Extracellular Electron Transfer Powers <named-content content-type="genus-species">Enterococcus faecalis</named-content> Biofilm Metabolism

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