Effect of earthworm Eisenia fetida epidermal mucus on the vitality and pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana

Abstract Beauveria bassiana is one of the most widely studied and used entomopathogenic fungus as biopesticide. In the biological control of pests, B. bassiana will persist in the soil after application, and will inevitably contact with earthworms, especially the epigeic earthworm species. So, what...

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Autores principales:	Xibei Zhou, Wulong Liang, Yanfeng Zhang, Zhumei Ren, Yingping Xie
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9924c69f7e2a4c1693b627a1d09bb514
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9924c69f7e2a4c1693b627a1d09bb5142021-12-02T15:39:59ZEffect of earthworm Eisenia fetida epidermal mucus on the vitality and pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana10.1038/s41598-021-92694-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9924c69f7e2a4c1693b627a1d09bb5142021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92694-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Beauveria bassiana is one of the most widely studied and used entomopathogenic fungus as biopesticide. In the biological control of pests, B. bassiana will persist in the soil after application, and will inevitably contact with earthworms, especially the epigeic earthworm species. So, what are the effects of earthworm and its epidermal mucus on the activity of B. bassiana? We employed the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida, B. bassiana TST05 strain, and the insect Atrijuglans hetaohei mature larvae to study the impact of earthworm epidermal mucus on the vitality and pathogenicity of B. bassiana to insect. Methods included scanning electron microscope observation, detection of spore germination, fungal extracellular enzyme activity, and infection testing to A. hetaohei. The results showed that the B. bassiana spores may attach to the cuticle of E. fetida but they could be covered by the epidermal mucus and became rough and shrunken. After treatment with the epidermal mucus, the spore germination and extracellular enzymes of B. bassiana was significantly inhibited. Inoculation of A. hetaohei larvae with a mixture of B. bassiana and mucus showed that the mucus could reduce the pathogenicity of B. bassiana to the insect, resulting in a slower disease course and lower mortality. It was concluded that the epidermal mucus of the earthworm E. fetida can inhibit the activity of B. bassiana, as well as the infectivity and pathogenicity of fungus to target insects. However, after treatment with epidermal mucus the surviving B. bassiana still had certain infectivity to insects. This is of great significance for the application of B. bassiana in biological control of pests.Xibei ZhouWulong LiangYanfeng ZhangZhumei RenYingping XieNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Xibei Zhou Wulong Liang Yanfeng Zhang Zhumei Ren Yingping Xie Effect of earthworm Eisenia fetida epidermal mucus on the vitality and pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana
description	Abstract Beauveria bassiana is one of the most widely studied and used entomopathogenic fungus as biopesticide. In the biological control of pests, B. bassiana will persist in the soil after application, and will inevitably contact with earthworms, especially the epigeic earthworm species. So, what are the effects of earthworm and its epidermal mucus on the activity of B. bassiana? We employed the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida, B. bassiana TST05 strain, and the insect Atrijuglans hetaohei mature larvae to study the impact of earthworm epidermal mucus on the vitality and pathogenicity of B. bassiana to insect. Methods included scanning electron microscope observation, detection of spore germination, fungal extracellular enzyme activity, and infection testing to A. hetaohei. The results showed that the B. bassiana spores may attach to the cuticle of E. fetida but they could be covered by the epidermal mucus and became rough and shrunken. After treatment with the epidermal mucus, the spore germination and extracellular enzymes of B. bassiana was significantly inhibited. Inoculation of A. hetaohei larvae with a mixture of B. bassiana and mucus showed that the mucus could reduce the pathogenicity of B. bassiana to the insect, resulting in a slower disease course and lower mortality. It was concluded that the epidermal mucus of the earthworm E. fetida can inhibit the activity of B. bassiana, as well as the infectivity and pathogenicity of fungus to target insects. However, after treatment with epidermal mucus the surviving B. bassiana still had certain infectivity to insects. This is of great significance for the application of B. bassiana in biological control of pests.
format	article
author	Xibei Zhou Wulong Liang Yanfeng Zhang Zhumei Ren Yingping Xie
author_facet	Xibei Zhou Wulong Liang Yanfeng Zhang Zhumei Ren Yingping Xie
author_sort	Xibei Zhou
title	Effect of earthworm Eisenia fetida epidermal mucus on the vitality and pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana
title_short	Effect of earthworm Eisenia fetida epidermal mucus on the vitality and pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana
title_full	Effect of earthworm Eisenia fetida epidermal mucus on the vitality and pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana
title_fullStr	Effect of earthworm Eisenia fetida epidermal mucus on the vitality and pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of earthworm Eisenia fetida epidermal mucus on the vitality and pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana
title_sort	effect of earthworm eisenia fetida epidermal mucus on the vitality and pathogenicity of beauveria bassiana
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9924c69f7e2a4c1693b627a1d09bb514
work_keys_str_mv	AT xibeizhou effectofearthwormeiseniafetidaepidermalmucusonthevitalityandpathogenicityofbeauveriabassiana AT wulongliang effectofearthwormeiseniafetidaepidermalmucusonthevitalityandpathogenicityofbeauveriabassiana AT yanfengzhang effectofearthwormeiseniafetidaepidermalmucusonthevitalityandpathogenicityofbeauveriabassiana AT zhumeiren effectofearthwormeiseniafetidaepidermalmucusonthevitalityandpathogenicityofbeauveriabassiana AT yingpingxie effectofearthwormeiseniafetidaepidermalmucusonthevitalityandpathogenicityofbeauveriabassiana
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Effect of earthworm Eisenia fetida epidermal mucus on the vitality and pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana

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