Hülle Cells of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus nidulans</named-content> with Nuclear Storage and Developmental Backup Functions Are Reminiscent of Multipotent Stem Cells

ABSTRACT Some aspergilli are among the most cosmopolitan and ecologically dominant fungal species. One pillar of their success is their complex life cycle, which creates specialized cell types for versatile dispersal and regenesis. One of these cell types is unique to aspergilli—the Hülle cells. Des...

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Autores principales:	Danielle M. Troppens, Anna M. Köhler, Rabea Schlüter, Michael Hoppert, Jennifer Gerke, Gerhard H. Braus
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	sexual development Hülle cell development fungal stem cell fungal biology filamentous fungi life cycle Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/992958e50e6841f0bedce25ec67bca30
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:992958e50e6841f0bedce25ec67bca302021-11-15T15:56:43ZHülle Cells of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus nidulans</named-content> with Nuclear Storage and Developmental Backup Functions Are Reminiscent of Multipotent Stem Cells10.1128/mBio.01673-202150-7511https://doaj.org/article/992958e50e6841f0bedce25ec67bca302020-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01673-20https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Some aspergilli are among the most cosmopolitan and ecologically dominant fungal species. One pillar of their success is their complex life cycle, which creates specialized cell types for versatile dispersal and regenesis. One of these cell types is unique to aspergilli—the Hülle cells. Despite being known for over a century, the biological and ecological roles of Hülle cells remain largely speculative. Previously reported data on in vivo Hülle cell formation and localization have been conflicting. Our quantification reveals that Hülle cells can occur at all locations on hyphae and that they show cellular activity similar to that seen with adjacent hyphae, indicating that they develop as intricate parts of hyphal tissue. In addition, we show that during sexual development associated with two parental strains, the typically multinucleate Hülle cells can inherit nuclei from both parents, indicating that they may serve as genetic backups. We provide an easy, reproducible method to study Hülle cell biology and germination with which we investigate the 90-year-old puzzle of whether and how Hülle cells germinate. We present clear evidence for the germination of Hülle cells, and we show that Hülle cells grow hyphae that develop into a spore-producing colony. Finally, we show that Hülle cell-derived colonies produce conidiospores faster than spore-derived colonies, providing evidence for an as-yet-undescribed developmental shortcut program in Aspergillus nidulans. We propose that Hülle cells represent a unique cell type as specialized hypha-derived sexual tissue with a nucleus storage function and may act as fungal backup stem cells under highly destructive conditions. IMPORTANCE The in vivo identification of Hülle cells in cases of aspergillosis infections in animals and humans illustrates their biological relevance and suggests that they might be involved in pathogenicity. It is striking that aspergilli have developed and maintained a multinucleate nurse cell that is presumably energy-intensive to produce and is usually found only in higher eukaryotes. Our findings shed light on how the understudied Hülle cells might contribute to the success of aspergilli by acting not only as nurse cells under detrimental conditions (sexual development) but also as fungal backup stem cells with the capacity to produce genetically diverse spores in an accelerated manner, thereby substantially contributing to survival in response to predator attack or under otherwise severely destructive conditions. Our study solved the 90-year-old puzzle of Hülle cell germination and provides easy, reproducible methods that will facilitate future studies on biological and ecological roles of Hülle cells in aspergilli.Danielle M. TroppensAnna M. KöhlerRabea SchlüterMichael HoppertJennifer GerkeGerhard H. BrausAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlesexual developmentHülle cell developmentfungal stem cellfungal biologyfilamentous fungilife cycleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 11, Iss 4 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	sexual development Hülle cell development fungal stem cell fungal biology filamentous fungi life cycle Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	sexual development Hülle cell development fungal stem cell fungal biology filamentous fungi life cycle Microbiology QR1-502 Danielle M. Troppens Anna M. Köhler Rabea Schlüter Michael Hoppert Jennifer Gerke Gerhard H. Braus Hülle Cells of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus nidulans</named-content> with Nuclear Storage and Developmental Backup Functions Are Reminiscent of Multipotent Stem Cells
description	ABSTRACT Some aspergilli are among the most cosmopolitan and ecologically dominant fungal species. One pillar of their success is their complex life cycle, which creates specialized cell types for versatile dispersal and regenesis. One of these cell types is unique to aspergilli—the Hülle cells. Despite being known for over a century, the biological and ecological roles of Hülle cells remain largely speculative. Previously reported data on in vivo Hülle cell formation and localization have been conflicting. Our quantification reveals that Hülle cells can occur at all locations on hyphae and that they show cellular activity similar to that seen with adjacent hyphae, indicating that they develop as intricate parts of hyphal tissue. In addition, we show that during sexual development associated with two parental strains, the typically multinucleate Hülle cells can inherit nuclei from both parents, indicating that they may serve as genetic backups. We provide an easy, reproducible method to study Hülle cell biology and germination with which we investigate the 90-year-old puzzle of whether and how Hülle cells germinate. We present clear evidence for the germination of Hülle cells, and we show that Hülle cells grow hyphae that develop into a spore-producing colony. Finally, we show that Hülle cell-derived colonies produce conidiospores faster than spore-derived colonies, providing evidence for an as-yet-undescribed developmental shortcut program in Aspergillus nidulans. We propose that Hülle cells represent a unique cell type as specialized hypha-derived sexual tissue with a nucleus storage function and may act as fungal backup stem cells under highly destructive conditions. IMPORTANCE The in vivo identification of Hülle cells in cases of aspergillosis infections in animals and humans illustrates their biological relevance and suggests that they might be involved in pathogenicity. It is striking that aspergilli have developed and maintained a multinucleate nurse cell that is presumably energy-intensive to produce and is usually found only in higher eukaryotes. Our findings shed light on how the understudied Hülle cells might contribute to the success of aspergilli by acting not only as nurse cells under detrimental conditions (sexual development) but also as fungal backup stem cells with the capacity to produce genetically diverse spores in an accelerated manner, thereby substantially contributing to survival in response to predator attack or under otherwise severely destructive conditions. Our study solved the 90-year-old puzzle of Hülle cell germination and provides easy, reproducible methods that will facilitate future studies on biological and ecological roles of Hülle cells in aspergilli.
format	article
author	Danielle M. Troppens Anna M. Köhler Rabea Schlüter Michael Hoppert Jennifer Gerke Gerhard H. Braus
author_facet	Danielle M. Troppens Anna M. Köhler Rabea Schlüter Michael Hoppert Jennifer Gerke Gerhard H. Braus
author_sort	Danielle M. Troppens
title	Hülle Cells of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus nidulans</named-content> with Nuclear Storage and Developmental Backup Functions Are Reminiscent of Multipotent Stem Cells
title_short	Hülle Cells of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus nidulans</named-content> with Nuclear Storage and Developmental Backup Functions Are Reminiscent of Multipotent Stem Cells
title_full	Hülle Cells of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus nidulans</named-content> with Nuclear Storage and Developmental Backup Functions Are Reminiscent of Multipotent Stem Cells
title_fullStr	Hülle Cells of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus nidulans</named-content> with Nuclear Storage and Developmental Backup Functions Are Reminiscent of Multipotent Stem Cells
title_full_unstemmed	Hülle Cells of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus nidulans</named-content> with Nuclear Storage and Developmental Backup Functions Are Reminiscent of Multipotent Stem Cells
title_sort	hülle cells of <named-content content-type="genus-species">aspergillus nidulans</named-content> with nuclear storage and developmental backup functions are reminiscent of multipotent stem cells
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/992958e50e6841f0bedce25ec67bca30
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Hülle Cells of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus nidulans</named-content> with Nuclear Storage and Developmental Backup Functions Are Reminiscent of Multipotent Stem Cells

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