Facing CAR T Cell Challenges on the Deadliest Paediatric Brain Tumours

Central nervous system (CNS) tumours comprise 25% of the paediatric cancer diagnoses and are the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Current treatments for paediatric CNS tumours are far from optimal and fail for those that relapsed or are refractory to treatment. Besides, long-term s...

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Autores principales:	Cristina Ferreras, Lucía Fernández, Laura Clares-Villa, Marta Ibáñez-Navarro, Carla Martín-Cortázar, Isabel Esteban-Rodríguez, Javier Saceda, Antonio Pérez-Martínez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	paediatric CNS tumours CAR T cells Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9946090fa33c4c919326a7cf6ec3fe13
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9946090fa33c4c919326a7cf6ec3fe132021-11-25T17:09:29ZFacing CAR T Cell Challenges on the Deadliest Paediatric Brain Tumours10.3390/cells101129402073-4409https://doaj.org/article/9946090fa33c4c919326a7cf6ec3fe132021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2940https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409Central nervous system (CNS) tumours comprise 25% of the paediatric cancer diagnoses and are the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Current treatments for paediatric CNS tumours are far from optimal and fail for those that relapsed or are refractory to treatment. Besides, long-term sequelae in the developing brain make it mandatory to find new innovative approaches. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T) therapy has increased survival in patients with B-cell malignancies, but the intrinsic biological characteristics of CNS tumours hamper their success. The location, heterogeneous antigen expression, limited infiltration of T cells into the tumour, the selective trafficking provided by the blood–brain barrier, and the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment have emerged as the main hurdles that need to be overcome for the success of CAR T cell therapy. In this review, we will focus mainly on the characteristics of the deadliest high-grade CNS paediatric tumours (medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and high-grade gliomas) and the potential of CAR T cell therapy to increase survival and patients’ quality of life.Cristina FerrerasLucía FernándezLaura Clares-VillaMarta Ibáñez-NavarroCarla Martín-CortázarIsabel Esteban-RodríguezJavier SacedaAntonio Pérez-MartínezMDPI AGarticlepaediatricCNS tumoursCAR T cellsBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 2940, p 2940 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	paediatric CNS tumours CAR T cells Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	paediatric CNS tumours CAR T cells Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Cristina Ferreras Lucía Fernández Laura Clares-Villa Marta Ibáñez-Navarro Carla Martín-Cortázar Isabel Esteban-Rodríguez Javier Saceda Antonio Pérez-Martínez Facing CAR T Cell Challenges on the Deadliest Paediatric Brain Tumours
description	Central nervous system (CNS) tumours comprise 25% of the paediatric cancer diagnoses and are the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Current treatments for paediatric CNS tumours are far from optimal and fail for those that relapsed or are refractory to treatment. Besides, long-term sequelae in the developing brain make it mandatory to find new innovative approaches. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T) therapy has increased survival in patients with B-cell malignancies, but the intrinsic biological characteristics of CNS tumours hamper their success. The location, heterogeneous antigen expression, limited infiltration of T cells into the tumour, the selective trafficking provided by the blood–brain barrier, and the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment have emerged as the main hurdles that need to be overcome for the success of CAR T cell therapy. In this review, we will focus mainly on the characteristics of the deadliest high-grade CNS paediatric tumours (medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and high-grade gliomas) and the potential of CAR T cell therapy to increase survival and patients’ quality of life.
format	article
author	Cristina Ferreras Lucía Fernández Laura Clares-Villa Marta Ibáñez-Navarro Carla Martín-Cortázar Isabel Esteban-Rodríguez Javier Saceda Antonio Pérez-Martínez
author_facet	Cristina Ferreras Lucía Fernández Laura Clares-Villa Marta Ibáñez-Navarro Carla Martín-Cortázar Isabel Esteban-Rodríguez Javier Saceda Antonio Pérez-Martínez
author_sort	Cristina Ferreras
title	Facing CAR T Cell Challenges on the Deadliest Paediatric Brain Tumours
title_short	Facing CAR T Cell Challenges on the Deadliest Paediatric Brain Tumours
title_full	Facing CAR T Cell Challenges on the Deadliest Paediatric Brain Tumours
title_fullStr	Facing CAR T Cell Challenges on the Deadliest Paediatric Brain Tumours
title_full_unstemmed	Facing CAR T Cell Challenges on the Deadliest Paediatric Brain Tumours
title_sort	facing car t cell challenges on the deadliest paediatric brain tumours
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9946090fa33c4c919326a7cf6ec3fe13
work_keys_str_mv	AT cristinaferreras facingcartcellchallengesonthedeadliestpaediatricbraintumours AT luciafernandez facingcartcellchallengesonthedeadliestpaediatricbraintumours AT lauraclaresvilla facingcartcellchallengesonthedeadliestpaediatricbraintumours AT martaibaneznavarro facingcartcellchallengesonthedeadliestpaediatricbraintumours AT carlamartincortazar facingcartcellchallengesonthedeadliestpaediatricbraintumours AT isabelestebanrodriguez facingcartcellchallengesonthedeadliestpaediatricbraintumours AT javiersaceda facingcartcellchallengesonthedeadliestpaediatricbraintumours AT antonioperezmartinez facingcartcellchallengesonthedeadliestpaediatricbraintumours
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Facing CAR T Cell Challenges on the Deadliest Paediatric Brain Tumours

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