Kinetics of Zinc Evaporation from Aluminium Alloys Melted Using VIM and ISM Technologies

Using a vacuum during the smelting and refining of alloys removes dissolved gasses, as well as impurities with high vapour pressure. When smelting is carried out in vacuum induction furnaces, the intensification of the discussed processes is achieved by intensive mixing of the bath, as well as an en...

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Autores principales:	Albert Smalcerz, Bartosz Wecki, Leszek Blacha, Jerzy Labaj, Maciej Jodkowski, Adrian Smagor
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	vacuum refining of metals vacuum induction melting (VIM) induction skull melting (ISM) Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/99b01768642a414dad0be770f9a59c63
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:99b01768642a414dad0be770f9a59c632021-11-11T18:09:55ZKinetics of Zinc Evaporation from Aluminium Alloys Melted Using VIM and ISM Technologies10.3390/ma142166411996-1944https://doaj.org/article/99b01768642a414dad0be770f9a59c632021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6641https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Using a vacuum during the smelting and refining of alloys removes dissolved gasses, as well as impurities with high vapour pressure. When smelting is carried out in vacuum induction furnaces, the intensification of the discussed processes is achieved by intensive mixing of the bath, as well as an enhanced mass exchange surface (liquid metal surface) due to the formation of a meniscus. This is due to the electromagnetic field applied to the liquid metal. This study reports the removal of zinc from the Al-Zn alloy containing 6.3 wt.%. Zn. The experiments were carried out with the use of two types of metallurgical devices: the VIM and ISM furnaces. For the experiments carried out in the crucible induction furnace, reduction in the operating pressure in the furnace from 1000 Pa to 10 Pa, together with the increase in temperature from 953 K to 1103 K, is accompanied by a decrease in zinc content in the alloy from 6 to 96%, compared with the initial value. Simultaneously, the overall mass transfer coefficient <i>k<sub>Zn</sub></i> increases from 5.15 × 10<sup>−6</sup> to −1.49 × 10<sup>−4</sup> ms<sup>−1</sup>. For the experiments carried out in the furnace with a cold crucible (<i>T</i> = 953 K), a reduction in the operating pressure in the furnace from 1000 Pa to 10 Pa resulted in a decrease in zinc content in the alloy from 18 to 80%, compared with the initial value. For comparison, the experiments carried out in the crucible induction furnace at 953 K showed a reduction in zinc content in the alloy from 6 to 50%, which means that more intense zinc evaporation is seen in the furnace with a cold crucible. Comparison of ISM and VIM technologies in the removal efficiency of the Al-Zn alloy indicates a higher removal efficiency using the first technology, which, using the same conditions, achieves 80% of the removal efficiency of the component.Albert SmalcerzBartosz WeckiLeszek BlachaJerzy LabajMaciej JodkowskiAdrian SmagorMDPI AGarticlevacuum refining of metalsvacuum induction melting (VIM)induction skull melting (ISM)TechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6641, p 6641 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	vacuum refining of metals vacuum induction melting (VIM) induction skull melting (ISM) Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	vacuum refining of metals vacuum induction melting (VIM) induction skull melting (ISM) Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Albert Smalcerz Bartosz Wecki Leszek Blacha Jerzy Labaj Maciej Jodkowski Adrian Smagor Kinetics of Zinc Evaporation from Aluminium Alloys Melted Using VIM and ISM Technologies
description	Using a vacuum during the smelting and refining of alloys removes dissolved gasses, as well as impurities with high vapour pressure. When smelting is carried out in vacuum induction furnaces, the intensification of the discussed processes is achieved by intensive mixing of the bath, as well as an enhanced mass exchange surface (liquid metal surface) due to the formation of a meniscus. This is due to the electromagnetic field applied to the liquid metal. This study reports the removal of zinc from the Al-Zn alloy containing 6.3 wt.%. Zn. The experiments were carried out with the use of two types of metallurgical devices: the VIM and ISM furnaces. For the experiments carried out in the crucible induction furnace, reduction in the operating pressure in the furnace from 1000 Pa to 10 Pa, together with the increase in temperature from 953 K to 1103 K, is accompanied by a decrease in zinc content in the alloy from 6 to 96%, compared with the initial value. Simultaneously, the overall mass transfer coefficient <i>k<sub>Zn</sub></i> increases from 5.15 × 10<sup>−6</sup> to −1.49 × 10<sup>−4</sup> ms<sup>−1</sup>. For the experiments carried out in the furnace with a cold crucible (<i>T</i> = 953 K), a reduction in the operating pressure in the furnace from 1000 Pa to 10 Pa resulted in a decrease in zinc content in the alloy from 18 to 80%, compared with the initial value. For comparison, the experiments carried out in the crucible induction furnace at 953 K showed a reduction in zinc content in the alloy from 6 to 50%, which means that more intense zinc evaporation is seen in the furnace with a cold crucible. Comparison of ISM and VIM technologies in the removal efficiency of the Al-Zn alloy indicates a higher removal efficiency using the first technology, which, using the same conditions, achieves 80% of the removal efficiency of the component.
format	article
author	Albert Smalcerz Bartosz Wecki Leszek Blacha Jerzy Labaj Maciej Jodkowski Adrian Smagor
author_facet	Albert Smalcerz Bartosz Wecki Leszek Blacha Jerzy Labaj Maciej Jodkowski Adrian Smagor
author_sort	Albert Smalcerz
title	Kinetics of Zinc Evaporation from Aluminium Alloys Melted Using VIM and ISM Technologies
title_short	Kinetics of Zinc Evaporation from Aluminium Alloys Melted Using VIM and ISM Technologies
title_full	Kinetics of Zinc Evaporation from Aluminium Alloys Melted Using VIM and ISM Technologies
title_fullStr	Kinetics of Zinc Evaporation from Aluminium Alloys Melted Using VIM and ISM Technologies
title_full_unstemmed	Kinetics of Zinc Evaporation from Aluminium Alloys Melted Using VIM and ISM Technologies
title_sort	kinetics of zinc evaporation from aluminium alloys melted using vim and ism technologies
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/99b01768642a414dad0be770f9a59c63
work_keys_str_mv	AT albertsmalcerz kineticsofzincevaporationfromaluminiumalloysmeltedusingvimandismtechnologies AT bartoszwecki kineticsofzincevaporationfromaluminiumalloysmeltedusingvimandismtechnologies AT leszekblacha kineticsofzincevaporationfromaluminiumalloysmeltedusingvimandismtechnologies AT jerzylabaj kineticsofzincevaporationfromaluminiumalloysmeltedusingvimandismtechnologies AT maciejjodkowski kineticsofzincevaporationfromaluminiumalloysmeltedusingvimandismtechnologies AT adriansmagor kineticsofzincevaporationfromaluminiumalloysmeltedusingvimandismtechnologies
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Kinetics of Zinc Evaporation from Aluminium Alloys Melted Using VIM and ISM Technologies

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