Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure and Placental DNA Methylation Changes: Implications on Fetal Development and Future Disease Susceptibility

The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept postulates that in utero exposures influence fetal programming and health in later life. Throughout pregnancy, the placenta plays a central role in fetal programming; it regulates the in utero environment and acts as a gatekeeper for nu...

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Autores principales:	Terisha Ghazi, Pragalathan Naidoo, Rajen N. Naidoo, Anil A. Chuturgoon
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	DOHaD concept air pollution heavy metals pregnancy placenta DNA methylation Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/99b7ec8941a04409bce1588a67af47d5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:99b7ec8941a04409bce1588a67af47d52021-11-25T17:10:31ZPrenatal Air Pollution Exposure and Placental DNA Methylation Changes: Implications on Fetal Development and Future Disease Susceptibility10.3390/cells101130252073-4409https://doaj.org/article/99b7ec8941a04409bce1588a67af47d52021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/3025https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept postulates that in utero exposures influence fetal programming and health in later life. Throughout pregnancy, the placenta plays a central role in fetal programming; it regulates the in utero environment and acts as a gatekeeper for nutrient and waste exchange between the mother and the fetus. Maternal exposure to air pollution, including heavy metals, can reach the placenta, where they alter DNA methylation patterns, leading to changes in placental function and fetal reprogramming. This review explores the current knowledge on placental DNA methylation changes associated with prenatal air pollution (including heavy metals) exposure and highlights its effects on fetal development and disease susceptibility. Prenatal exposure to air pollution and heavy metals was associated with altered placental DNA methylation at the global and promoter regions of genes involved in biological processes such as energy metabolism, circadian rhythm, DNA repair, inflammation, cell differentiation, and organ development. The altered placental methylation of these genes was, in some studies, associated with adverse birth outcomes such as low birth weight, small for gestational age, and decreased head circumference. Moreover, few studies indicate that DNA methylation changes in the placenta were sex-specific, and infants born with altered placental DNA methylation patterns were predisposed to developing neurobehavioral abnormalities, cancer, and atopic dermatitis. These findings highlight the importance of more effective and stricter environmental and public health policies to reduce air pollution and protect human health.Terisha GhaziPragalathan NaidooRajen N. NaidooAnil A. ChuturgoonMDPI AGarticleDOHaD conceptair pollutionheavy metalspregnancyplacentaDNA methylationBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 3025, p 3025 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	DOHaD concept air pollution heavy metals pregnancy placenta DNA methylation Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	DOHaD concept air pollution heavy metals pregnancy placenta DNA methylation Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Terisha Ghazi Pragalathan Naidoo Rajen N. Naidoo Anil A. Chuturgoon Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure and Placental DNA Methylation Changes: Implications on Fetal Development and Future Disease Susceptibility
description	The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept postulates that in utero exposures influence fetal programming and health in later life. Throughout pregnancy, the placenta plays a central role in fetal programming; it regulates the in utero environment and acts as a gatekeeper for nutrient and waste exchange between the mother and the fetus. Maternal exposure to air pollution, including heavy metals, can reach the placenta, where they alter DNA methylation patterns, leading to changes in placental function and fetal reprogramming. This review explores the current knowledge on placental DNA methylation changes associated with prenatal air pollution (including heavy metals) exposure and highlights its effects on fetal development and disease susceptibility. Prenatal exposure to air pollution and heavy metals was associated with altered placental DNA methylation at the global and promoter regions of genes involved in biological processes such as energy metabolism, circadian rhythm, DNA repair, inflammation, cell differentiation, and organ development. The altered placental methylation of these genes was, in some studies, associated with adverse birth outcomes such as low birth weight, small for gestational age, and decreased head circumference. Moreover, few studies indicate that DNA methylation changes in the placenta were sex-specific, and infants born with altered placental DNA methylation patterns were predisposed to developing neurobehavioral abnormalities, cancer, and atopic dermatitis. These findings highlight the importance of more effective and stricter environmental and public health policies to reduce air pollution and protect human health.
format	article
author	Terisha Ghazi Pragalathan Naidoo Rajen N. Naidoo Anil A. Chuturgoon
author_facet	Terisha Ghazi Pragalathan Naidoo Rajen N. Naidoo Anil A. Chuturgoon
author_sort	Terisha Ghazi
title	Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure and Placental DNA Methylation Changes: Implications on Fetal Development and Future Disease Susceptibility
title_short	Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure and Placental DNA Methylation Changes: Implications on Fetal Development and Future Disease Susceptibility
title_full	Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure and Placental DNA Methylation Changes: Implications on Fetal Development and Future Disease Susceptibility
title_fullStr	Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure and Placental DNA Methylation Changes: Implications on Fetal Development and Future Disease Susceptibility
title_full_unstemmed	Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure and Placental DNA Methylation Changes: Implications on Fetal Development and Future Disease Susceptibility
title_sort	prenatal air pollution exposure and placental dna methylation changes: implications on fetal development and future disease susceptibility
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/99b7ec8941a04409bce1588a67af47d5
work_keys_str_mv	AT terishaghazi prenatalairpollutionexposureandplacentaldnamethylationchangesimplicationsonfetaldevelopmentandfuturediseasesusceptibility AT pragalathannaidoo prenatalairpollutionexposureandplacentaldnamethylationchangesimplicationsonfetaldevelopmentandfuturediseasesusceptibility AT rajennnaidoo prenatalairpollutionexposureandplacentaldnamethylationchangesimplicationsonfetaldevelopmentandfuturediseasesusceptibility AT anilachuturgoon prenatalairpollutionexposureandplacentaldnamethylationchangesimplicationsonfetaldevelopmentandfuturediseasesusceptibility
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Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure and Placental DNA Methylation Changes: Implications on Fetal Development and Future Disease Susceptibility

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