Expression and processing of a small nucleolar RNA from the Epstein-Barr virus genome.

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are localized within the nucleolus, a sub-nuclear compartment, in which they guide ribosomal or spliceosomal RNA modifications, respectively. Up until now, snoRNAs have only been identified in eukaryal and archaeal genomes, but are notably absent in bacteria. By screen...

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Autores principales:	Roland Hutzinger, Regina Feederle, Jan Mrazek, Natalia Schiefermeier, Piotr J Balwierz, Mihaela Zavolan, Norbert Polacek, Henri-Jacques Delecluse, Alexander Hüttenhofer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2009
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/99c07fb91d354ee097c7ba082725e1cd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:99c07fb91d354ee097c7ba082725e1cd2021-11-25T05:47:42ZExpression and processing of a small nucleolar RNA from the Epstein-Barr virus genome.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1000547https://doaj.org/article/99c07fb91d354ee097c7ba082725e1cd2009-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19680535/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are localized within the nucleolus, a sub-nuclear compartment, in which they guide ribosomal or spliceosomal RNA modifications, respectively. Up until now, snoRNAs have only been identified in eukaryal and archaeal genomes, but are notably absent in bacteria. By screening B lymphocytes for expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) induced by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), we here report, for the first time, the identification of a snoRNA gene within a viral genome, designated as v-snoRNA1. This genetic element displays all hallmark sequence motifs of a canonical C/D box snoRNA, namely C/C'- as well as D/D'-boxes. The nucleolar localization of v-snoRNA1 was verified by in situ hybridisation of EBV-infected cells. We also confirmed binding of the three canonical snoRNA proteins, fibrillarin, Nop56 and Nop58, to v-snoRNA1. The C-box motif of v-snoRNA1 was shown to be crucial for the stability of the viral snoRNA; its selective deletion in the viral genome led to a complete down-regulation of v-snoRNA1 expression levels within EBV-infected B cells. We further provide evidence that v-snoRNA1 might serve as a miRNA-like precursor, which is processed into 24 nt sized RNA species, designated as v-snoRNA1(24pp). A potential target site of v-snoRNA1(24pp) was identified within the 3'-UTR of BALF5 mRNA which encodes the viral DNA polymerase. V-snoRNA1 was found to be expressed in all investigated EBV-positive cell lines, including lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). Interestingly, induction of the lytic cycle markedly up-regulated expression levels of v-snoRNA1 up to 30-fold. By a computational approach, we identified a v-snoRNA1 homolog in the rhesus lymphocryptovirus genome. This evolutionary conservation suggests an important role of v-snoRNA1 during gamma-herpesvirus infection.Roland HutzingerRegina FeederleJan MrazekNatalia SchiefermeierPiotr J BalwierzMihaela ZavolanNorbert PolacekHenri-Jacques DelecluseAlexander HüttenhoferPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 5, Iss 8, p e1000547 (2009)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Roland Hutzinger Regina Feederle Jan Mrazek Natalia Schiefermeier Piotr J Balwierz Mihaela Zavolan Norbert Polacek Henri-Jacques Delecluse Alexander Hüttenhofer Expression and processing of a small nucleolar RNA from the Epstein-Barr virus genome.
description	Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are localized within the nucleolus, a sub-nuclear compartment, in which they guide ribosomal or spliceosomal RNA modifications, respectively. Up until now, snoRNAs have only been identified in eukaryal and archaeal genomes, but are notably absent in bacteria. By screening B lymphocytes for expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) induced by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), we here report, for the first time, the identification of a snoRNA gene within a viral genome, designated as v-snoRNA1. This genetic element displays all hallmark sequence motifs of a canonical C/D box snoRNA, namely C/C'- as well as D/D'-boxes. The nucleolar localization of v-snoRNA1 was verified by in situ hybridisation of EBV-infected cells. We also confirmed binding of the three canonical snoRNA proteins, fibrillarin, Nop56 and Nop58, to v-snoRNA1. The C-box motif of v-snoRNA1 was shown to be crucial for the stability of the viral snoRNA; its selective deletion in the viral genome led to a complete down-regulation of v-snoRNA1 expression levels within EBV-infected B cells. We further provide evidence that v-snoRNA1 might serve as a miRNA-like precursor, which is processed into 24 nt sized RNA species, designated as v-snoRNA1(24pp). A potential target site of v-snoRNA1(24pp) was identified within the 3'-UTR of BALF5 mRNA which encodes the viral DNA polymerase. V-snoRNA1 was found to be expressed in all investigated EBV-positive cell lines, including lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). Interestingly, induction of the lytic cycle markedly up-regulated expression levels of v-snoRNA1 up to 30-fold. By a computational approach, we identified a v-snoRNA1 homolog in the rhesus lymphocryptovirus genome. This evolutionary conservation suggests an important role of v-snoRNA1 during gamma-herpesvirus infection.
format	article
author	Roland Hutzinger Regina Feederle Jan Mrazek Natalia Schiefermeier Piotr J Balwierz Mihaela Zavolan Norbert Polacek Henri-Jacques Delecluse Alexander Hüttenhofer
author_facet	Roland Hutzinger Regina Feederle Jan Mrazek Natalia Schiefermeier Piotr J Balwierz Mihaela Zavolan Norbert Polacek Henri-Jacques Delecluse Alexander Hüttenhofer
author_sort	Roland Hutzinger
title	Expression and processing of a small nucleolar RNA from the Epstein-Barr virus genome.
title_short	Expression and processing of a small nucleolar RNA from the Epstein-Barr virus genome.
title_full	Expression and processing of a small nucleolar RNA from the Epstein-Barr virus genome.
title_fullStr	Expression and processing of a small nucleolar RNA from the Epstein-Barr virus genome.
title_full_unstemmed	Expression and processing of a small nucleolar RNA from the Epstein-Barr virus genome.
title_sort	expression and processing of a small nucleolar rna from the epstein-barr virus genome.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2009
url	https://doaj.org/article/99c07fb91d354ee097c7ba082725e1cd
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Expression and processing of a small nucleolar RNA from the Epstein-Barr virus genome.

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