In Quest of Pathognomonic/Endophenotypic Markers of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Potential of EEG-Based Frequency Analysis and ERPs to Better Detect, Prevent and Manage ADHD

Priya Miranda,1 Christopher D Cox,2 Michael Alexander,1 Slav Danev,3 Jonathan RT Lakey1 1Department of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; 2Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif...

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Autores principales:	Miranda P, Cox CD, Alexander M, Danev S, Lakey JRT
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	adhd eeg event related potential reaction time Medical technology R855-855.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/99dfe124d0ef4f9791326612c90450b7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:99dfe124d0ef4f9791326612c90450b72021-12-02T08:47:28ZIn Quest of Pathognomonic/Endophenotypic Markers of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Potential of EEG-Based Frequency Analysis and ERPs to Better Detect, Prevent and Manage ADHD1179-1470https://doaj.org/article/99dfe124d0ef4f9791326612c90450b72020-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/in-quest-of-pathognomonicendophenotypic-markers-of-attention-deficit-h-peer-reviewed-article-MDERhttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1470Priya Miranda,1 Christopher D Cox,2 Michael Alexander,1 Slav Danev,3 Jonathan RT Lakey1 1Department of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; 2Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; 3Medeia Inc, Santa Barbara, CA, USACorrespondence: Jonathan RT LakeyDepartment of Surgery, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 1600, Orange, CA 92868, USATel +1-949-824-8022Fax +1-714-456-6188Email jlakey@uci.eduAbstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic heritable developmental delay psychiatric disorder requiring chronic management, characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, hyperkinectivity and impulsivity. Subjective clinical evaluation still remains crucial in its diagnosis. Discussed are two key aspects in the “characterizing ADHD” and on the quest for objective “pathognomonic/endophenotypic diagnostic markers of ADHD”. The first aspect briefly revolves around issues related to identification of pathognomonic/endophenotypic diagnostic markers in ADHD. Issues discussed include changes in ADHD definition, remission/persistence and overlapping-symptoms cum shared-heritability with its co-morbid cross-border mental disorders. The second aspect discussed is neurobiological and EEG-based studies on ADHD. Given the neurobiological and temporal aspects of ADHD symptoms the electroencephalograph (EEG) like NeuralScan by Medeia appears as an appropriate tool. The EEGs appropriateness is further enhanced when coupled with suitable behavior/cognitive/motor/psychological tasks/paradigms yielding EEG-based markers like event-related-potential (ERPs like P3 amplitudes and latency), reaction time variability (RTV), Theta:Beta ratio (TBR) and sensorimotor rhythm (SMR). At present, these markers could potentially help in the neurobiological characterization of ADHD and either help in identifying or lay the groundwork for identifying pathognomonic and/or endophenotypic EEG-based markers enabling its diagnosis, treatment and management.Keywords: ADHD, EEG, event related potential, reaction timeMiranda PCox CDAlexander MDanev SLakey JRTDove Medical Pressarticleadhdeegevent related potentialreaction timeMedical technologyR855-855.5ENMedical Devices: Evidence and Research, Vol Volume 13, Pp 115-137 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	adhd eeg event related potential reaction time Medical technology R855-855.5
spellingShingle	adhd eeg event related potential reaction time Medical technology R855-855.5 Miranda P Cox CD Alexander M Danev S Lakey JRT In Quest of Pathognomonic/Endophenotypic Markers of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Potential of EEG-Based Frequency Analysis and ERPs to Better Detect, Prevent and Manage ADHD
description	Priya Miranda,1 Christopher D Cox,2 Michael Alexander,1 Slav Danev,3 Jonathan RT Lakey1 1Department of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; 2Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; 3Medeia Inc, Santa Barbara, CA, USACorrespondence: Jonathan RT LakeyDepartment of Surgery, 333 City Blvd West, Suite 1600, Orange, CA 92868, USATel +1-949-824-8022Fax +1-714-456-6188Email jlakey@uci.eduAbstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic heritable developmental delay psychiatric disorder requiring chronic management, characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, hyperkinectivity and impulsivity. Subjective clinical evaluation still remains crucial in its diagnosis. Discussed are two key aspects in the “characterizing ADHD” and on the quest for objective “pathognomonic/endophenotypic diagnostic markers of ADHD”. The first aspect briefly revolves around issues related to identification of pathognomonic/endophenotypic diagnostic markers in ADHD. Issues discussed include changes in ADHD definition, remission/persistence and overlapping-symptoms cum shared-heritability with its co-morbid cross-border mental disorders. The second aspect discussed is neurobiological and EEG-based studies on ADHD. Given the neurobiological and temporal aspects of ADHD symptoms the electroencephalograph (EEG) like NeuralScan by Medeia appears as an appropriate tool. The EEGs appropriateness is further enhanced when coupled with suitable behavior/cognitive/motor/psychological tasks/paradigms yielding EEG-based markers like event-related-potential (ERPs like P3 amplitudes and latency), reaction time variability (RTV), Theta:Beta ratio (TBR) and sensorimotor rhythm (SMR). At present, these markers could potentially help in the neurobiological characterization of ADHD and either help in identifying or lay the groundwork for identifying pathognomonic and/or endophenotypic EEG-based markers enabling its diagnosis, treatment and management.Keywords: ADHD, EEG, event related potential, reaction time
format	article
author	Miranda P Cox CD Alexander M Danev S Lakey JRT
author_facet	Miranda P Cox CD Alexander M Danev S Lakey JRT
author_sort	Miranda P
title	In Quest of Pathognomonic/Endophenotypic Markers of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Potential of EEG-Based Frequency Analysis and ERPs to Better Detect, Prevent and Manage ADHD
title_short	In Quest of Pathognomonic/Endophenotypic Markers of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Potential of EEG-Based Frequency Analysis and ERPs to Better Detect, Prevent and Manage ADHD
title_full	In Quest of Pathognomonic/Endophenotypic Markers of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Potential of EEG-Based Frequency Analysis and ERPs to Better Detect, Prevent and Manage ADHD
title_fullStr	In Quest of Pathognomonic/Endophenotypic Markers of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Potential of EEG-Based Frequency Analysis and ERPs to Better Detect, Prevent and Manage ADHD
title_full_unstemmed	In Quest of Pathognomonic/Endophenotypic Markers of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Potential of EEG-Based Frequency Analysis and ERPs to Better Detect, Prevent and Manage ADHD
title_sort	in quest of pathognomonic/endophenotypic markers of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd): potential of eeg-based frequency analysis and erps to better detect, prevent and manage adhd
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/99dfe124d0ef4f9791326612c90450b7
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In Quest of Pathognomonic/Endophenotypic Markers of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Potential of EEG-Based Frequency Analysis and ERPs to Better Detect, Prevent and Manage ADHD

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